Allobarbital (5,5-diallylbarbituric acid) is a medium to long-acting barbiturate. It is under international control according to the UN Convention on Psychotropic Substances (Schedule IV). It is used as a sedative and hypnotic and in combination with acetaminophen and codeine as an analgesic. Allobarbital exerts anticonvulsive activity through GABA-ergic mechanisms. Sulfuric derivatives of allobarbital may exert anti-inflammatory activity.

Cyclobarbital (5-cyclohexenyl-5-ethyl-barbituric acid) is a short-acting barbiturate exerting sedative-hypnotic properties. Cyclobarbital is metabolized to inactive ketocyclobarbital. The convention on psychotropic substances, which was signed in Vienna in 1971, today regulates cyclobarbital as a schedule III barbiturate. Cyclobarbital is used in combination with diazepam tranquilizer (Reladorm).

Meclofenoxate (INN, BAN) (brand name Lucidril), also known as centrophenoxine, is a cholinergic nootropic used as a dietary supplement and drug in the treatment of symptoms of senile dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Meclofenoxate has been shown in studies to be effective in enhancing the memory and in improving the cognitive functions of the elderly. Some studies even suggest that Meclofenoxate has the ability to reverse the signs of brain aging. While claims about its ability as a nootropic agent have not been fully established in clinical trials, some studies do strongly suggest that it is indeed very effective in improving memory retention and recall. Meclofenoxate HCL Powder for Injection is also indicated for the following conditions: comma; skull and brain trauma; following a stroke; encephalopathy; mental disorders (in combination with psychotropic agents); mental and psychomotor retardation in children; brain intoxication; alcohol psychoses; neuritis and polyneuritis. The main mechanism of action of Meclofenoxate is generally believed to be cholinergic in nature. As an efficient transporter of DMAE, Meclofenoxate encourages the production of choline in the brain, which is then synthesized into acetylcholine. The more acetylcholine neurotransmitters in the brain, the better and more efficient the cognitive functions will be. Meclofenoxate also increases cellular membrane phospholipids

Vincamine is the major alkaloid of Vinca minor. Although vincamine has been used therapeutically for almost three decades, the exact mechanisms of action and its effects are still unknown. Vincamine is a peripheral vasodilator that increases blood flow to the brain. Vincamine is beneficial to the nervous system's cells feeding and protecting processes and is utilized as an adjuvant in case of cerebrovascular insufficiency, age-related psycho-behavioral disorders, post concussion syndrome in head trauma, in case of post-stroke sequels. Vincamine may be used as a dietary nootropic supplement.

Bromazepam (marketed under several brand names, including Lectopam, Lexotan, Lexilium, Lexaurin, Brazepam, Rekotnil, and Lexotanil)[1] is a benzodiazepine derivative drug, patented by Roche in 1963 and developed clinically in the 1970s. It is mainly an anti-anxiety agent with similar side effects to diazepam (Valium). In addition to being used to treat anxiety or panic states, bromazepam may be used as a premedicant prior to minor surgery. Bromazepam typically comes in doses of 3 mg and 6 mg tablets.[5] Bromazepam is contraindicated and should be used with caution in women who are pregnant, the elderly, patients with a history of alcohol or other substance abuse disorders and children. Prolonged use of bromazepam causes tolerance and may lead to both physical and psychological dependence on the drug, and as a result, it is a medication which is controlled by international law. Bromazepam binds to the GABA receptor GABAA, causing a conformational change and increasing the inhibitory effects of GABA. Bromazepam is a long-acting benzodiazepine and is lipophilic and metabolized hepatically via oxidative pathways.

Norcholestenol iodomethyl I-131 (I-131 adosterol) is a cholesterol analogue, used for local diagnosis of areas with adrenal gland disorder. Upon entering the cell, adosterol is converted to a metabolically inert ester, and becomes trapped in the cell.

Bucladesine is a cyclic nucleotide derivative which mimics the action of endogenous cAMP and is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor. The compound is used in a wide variety of research applications because it mimics cAMP and can induce normal physiological responses when added to cells in experimental conditions. cAMP is only able to elicit minimal responses in these situations. The neurite outgrowth instigated by bucladesine in cell cultures has been shown to be enhanced by nardosinone. Recently, the effect of bucladesine as a cAMP analog has been studied on the pentylenetetrazol-induced seizure in the wild-type mice. The data showed that bucladesine (300nM/mouse) reduced the seizure latency and threshold. In addition they found that combination of bucladesine and pentoxyfillin has additive effect on seizure latency and threshold. Bucladesine is more lipophilic than cAMP and in contrast to cAMP capable of penetrating cell membranes. Bucladesine interferes with different protein kinases which are normally activated by cAMP. Bucladesine has undergone in the past clinical developments as systemic treatment for cardioprotection and as topical treatment to improve wound healing. In Japan, a bucladesine ointment (Actosin® ointment; Daiichi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) was marketed to treat skin ulcers. Clinical studies have shown favourable effects on diabetic foot ulcers or decubitus, but the compound was later withdrawn despite good tolerability. One possible reason for the withdrawal may be the odour of the cream formulation which can be related to the hydrolytic cleavage in aqueous solutions resulting in release of butyric acid.

Haloxon is an organophosphorus anthelmintic once used against nematodes of the abomasum and small intestine in ruminants. Haloxon is an organophosphorus cholinesterase antagonist. Laboratory and field trials with 7-day-old, 14-day-old and adult infections of the common gastrointestinal nematodes in 600 sheep showed that Haloxon at a dose rate of 30 to 55 mg. per kg. body-weight was a very highly efficient anthelrnintic. The drug was particularly effective against all stages of Haemonchus contenus, Trichostrongylus spp. and Coopería curticei; it was more active against adult than against larval Ostertagia spp" and Nematodirus spp. High activity was also reported against Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigono-cephalum and Oesophagostomum venulosumum but not against Trichuris avis nor Chabertia ovina.

Lynestrenol is a progestogen structurally related to norethisterone; it is used singularly, or as the progestogenic component of oral contraceptives. It is also used in treatments for menstrual disorders. Lynestrenol is typically used as an oral contraceptive, but also for the treatment of menstrual disorders like: Oligo-menorrhea and hypo-menorrhea; Polymenorrhoea; Fibrocystic mastopathy; Endometriosis; Endometrial carcinoma and/or metastases etc. As a synthetic oral progestogen, Lynestrenol has similar effects as that of the natural progesterone hormone. It has a strong progestational effect on the uterine endometrium by transforming the proliferative endometrium into a secretory one. It also inhibits the secretion of gonadotropin, suppresses maturation of follicles in the ovaries and ovulation, and reduces menstrual bleeding. Lynestrenol has minimal estrogenic, androgenic and anabolic effects.

Fluspirilene, a neuroleptic drug, which is used clinically to treat schizophrenic patients, by blocking of dopamine receptors, especially the dopamine D2 receptors. Fluspirilene also displays calcium channel-blocking activity; it inhibits glutamate release primarily by reducing presynaptic Ca2+ influx via N-type Ca2+ channels that also may contribute to the antischizophrenic action of the drug. Recently in the frame of a project of drugs repositioning, fluspirilene was studied as an anti-cancer drug. It was found, that fluspirilene demonstrates a significant inhibitory effect on the proliferation and invasion of glioma cells. Thus, it can be a promising drug for the treatment of glioblastoma. In addition, fluspirilene, as a potential cyclin-dependent kinase 2 inhibitor, was investigated in animal models for the treatment of human hepatocellular carcinoma. Taken into account that fluspirilene has a long history of safe human use, the drug can be applicable in clinical therapy for cancer’s disease immediately.