Opipramol (Insidon, Pramolan, Ensidon, Oprimol) is an antidepressant and anxiolytic used in Germany and other European countries. Although it is a member of the tricyclic antidepressants, opipramol's primary mechanism of action is much different in comparison, it doesn’t represent a tricyclic antidepressant drug as it does not inhibit the neuronal uptake of norepinephrine and/or serotonin. Opipramol also acts as a low to moderate affinity antagonist for the D2, 5-HT2, H1, H2, and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. H1 and H2 receptor antagonism account for its antihistamine effects, and muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonism is responsible for its anticholinergic properties. Opipramol was developed by Schindler and Blattner in 1961. Opipramol is typically used in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and somatoform disorders. Its anxiolysis becomes prominent after only one to two weeks of chronic administration. Upon first commencing treatment, opipramol is rather sedating in nature due to its antihistamine properties, but this effect becomes less prominent with time. The therapy with Opipramol indicates an additional therapy with neuroleptics, hypnotics and tranquilizers (e.g. Barbiturates, Benzodiazepines). Therefore, it should be noted that some specific reactions, particularly CNS depressant effects could be intensified and an intensification of common side effects may occur. If necessary the dosage may be reduced. Co-administration with alcohol can cause stupor. MAO Inhibitors should be discontinued at least 14 days before the treatment with Opipramol. Concomitant use of Opipramol with β-blockers, antiarrhythmics (of class 1c), as well as drugs from tricyclic antidepressant group and preparations which influence the microsomal enzyme system, can lead to change in plasma concentration of these drugs. Co-administration of neuroleptics (example- haloperidol, risperidone) can increase the plasma concentration.

Methisazone is N-methyl-isatin beta-thiosemicarbazone. This is one of a series of isatin beta-thiosemicarbazones which have been shown in the laboratory to have antiviral activity against vaccinia and variola viruses. It has been reported to be effective for smallpox prophylaxis.

Pipamperone (INN, USAN, BAN), also known as Carpiperone and Floropipamide or Fluoropipamide, and as Floropipamide hydrochloride (JAN), is a typical antipsychotic of the butyrophenone family used in the treatment of schizophrenia. It is or has been marketed under brand names including Dipiperon, Dipiperal, Piperonil, Piperonyl, and Propitan. Pipamperone acts as an antagonist of the 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, 5-HT2C D2, D3, D4, α1-adrenergic, and α2-adrenergic receptors. It shows the much higher affinity for the 5-HT2A and D4 receptors over the D2receptor (15-fold in the case of the D4 receptor, and even higher in the case of the 5-HT2A receptor), is regarded as "highly selective" for the former two sites at low doses. Pipamperone has low and likely insignificant affinity for the H1 and mACh receptors, as well as for other serotonin and dopamine receptors. Low-dose pipamperone (5 mg twice daily) has been found to accelerate and enhance the antidepressant effect of citalopram. Pipamperone is approved in some European countries. At its usually recommended antipsychotic dose (120–360 mg/d), it has relatively weak neuroleptic activity because it is only moderately effective as a dopamine D2-receptor antagonist, even at high doses.

Propamidine, an aromatic diamidine compound, is widely used as an antimicrobial agent. Propamidine isethionate, the salt of propamidine with isethionic acid, is used in the treatment of Acanthamoeba infection. Diseases caused by Acanthamoeba include keratitis and granulomatous amoebic encephalitis.

Tiratricol (also known as TRIAC or triiodothyroacetic acid) is a thyroid hormone analogue, which has been studied since the 1950s. Tiratricol is used as a dietary supplement for thyroid problems including thyroid cancer. It is also used for increasing metabolic rate for weight loss, and reducing cellulite. In the US, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has determined that the product Triax (TRIAC, tiratricol) is not a dietary supplement but an unapproved new drug containing a powerful thyroid hormone, which may cause serious health consequences. The State of Missouri embargoed the product at its distributor (Syntrax) and the Utah-based manufacturer (Pharmatech) has agreed to stop distributing any product containing the ingredient TRIAC. The FDA has issued recalls for other tiratricol-containing products, including Tricana Metabolic Hormone Analogue, Tria-Cutz Thyroid Stimulator Dietary Supplement Capsules, and Sci-Fi-Tri-Cuts Dietary Supplement Capsules. Tiratricol is a prescription drug in France used for therapy of thyroid hormone resistance and therapy of thyroid cancer.

Hexapropymate, a hypnotic/sedative drug that was available without prescription in Belgium under the trade name Merinax for the treatment of insomnia. Poisoning with hexapropymate was a serious condition that required symptomatic treatment in the intensive care unit. As a result, the drug was substituted by newer agents with improved safety profiles.

Fenthion (trade names include Baytex™, Baycid™, and Tiguvon™, used on livestock) was first registered domestically in 1965 by the Mobay Corp., a U.S. subsidiary of Bayer AG of West Germany. Fenthion is a contact and stomach insecticide used against many sucking, biting pests, especially fruit flies, stem borers, mosquitoes, and Eurygaster cereal bugs. In mosquitoes, it is toxic to both the adult and immature forms (larvae). Once used extensively in the U.S. for controlling intestinal worms, fenthion no longer has FDA approval due to an excess number of poisoning deaths. Like most other organophosphates, its mode of action is via cholinesterase inhibition. It was used mostly for the control of grubs and lice in beef and nonlactating cattle.

Cythioate is an organothiophosphate chemical used as an insecticide and anthelmintic. Cythioate is a cholinesterase inhibitor. Marketed under the trade names Cyflee and Proban, Cythioate is indicated for the control of ticks, fleas, and demodectic mange in dogs, and fleas in cats.

Aniracetam is a nootropic drug. It behaves as a positive modulator of AMPA-sensitive glutamate receptors. Aniracetam is clinically used in patients with mild to moderate senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. In Japan, the drug was prescribed for eight years to treat emotional disturbances, such as depressed mood and anxiety/agitation, but not memory impairment following cerebral infarction. Aniracetam (Draganon®) has been withdrawn from the Japanese market because of the unexpected failure in the latest placebo-controlled double-blind study. Animal studies demonstrated that aniracetam has clinical potential in personality disorders, anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism, negative symptoms of schizophrenia, and sleep disorders.

Oxiracetam (ISF 2522) is a water-soluble ampakine of the nootropic racetam chemical class. Oxiracetam is a positive AMPA modulator similar in mechanism and potency (but not the binding site) to both piracetam and aniracetam but may have an additional benefit of increasing glutamate, acetylcholine, and D-aspartic acid release from activated but not resting neurons. Oxiracetam has been proved as an efficient memory enhancer if taken consistently. Additionally, studies have revealed positive impacts on demented patients in the long term. Thus, the drug enhances an overall quality of life of patients suffering from ADHD, dementia, and other neurological problems. Oxiracetam is one of the most popular nootropics, well known and highly regarded for its outstanding cognitive enhancement properties and mild stimulant capability. It has also been proven to be safe and well tolerated even at high dosages, and its moderate cost, ready availability and “stackability” make it a must-have for many nootropic users.