Pastaron (Urea) is a waste product of many living organisms, and is the major organic component of human urine. It is a very important starting material in a number of chemical syntheses, and is used on an industrial scale for the manufacture of fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, and resins. Urea is an osmotic diuretic similar to mannitol but more irritant. Applied topically, urea promotes hydration of keratin and mild keratolysis in dry skin. It increases water uptake by the stratum corneum and has an antipruritic effect. Pastaron is used to soften rough or dry skin caused by skin conditions such as eczema, psoriasis, keratosis, and others.

Cacodylic acid also known as dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) has been used as a herbicide. As a part of agent blue it used to destroy broadleaf plants and trees, especially rice paddies during the Vietnam War. DMA is the major metabolite formed after exposure to tri- (arsenite) or pentavalent (arsenate) inorganic arsenic (iAs) via ingestion or inhalation in both humans and rodents. DMA induces an organ-specific lesion--single strand breaks in DNA. Mechanistic studies have suggested that this damage is due mainly to the peroxyl radical of DMA and production of active oxygen species by pulmonary tissues. Multi-organ initiation-promotion studies have demonstrated that DMA acts as a promotor of urinary bladder, kidney, liver and thyroid gland cancers in rats and as a promotor of lung tumors in mice. Thus it was shown, that DMA played a role in the carcinogenesis of inorganic arsenic.

Chlorobutanol, or trichloro-2-methyl-2-propanol, is an analgesic and sedative hypnotic in man, and an experimental general anesthetic. It has antibacterial and antifungal properties. It is also used chemical preservative for parenteral drugs. It was found, that chlorobutanol inhibited mammalian Nav 1.2 channels at concentrations less than those used to preserve parenteral solutions. Its mechanism of inhibiting Na channels differs from that of local anesthetics in that it does not show use dependent or state dependent inhibition.

Disodium Cupric Citrate is citric acid salt with marked antioxidant activity. Disodium Cupric Citrate is one of the various forms in which the micronutrient copper is supplied in a fertiliser. Cupric supplementation at pharmacological doses beyond the recommendations of National Research Council has been widely applied in the feed industry to improve pig performance. Dietary Cupric Citrate supplementation enhanced growth performance in weaned pigs.

Guaiacol is a naturally occurring organic compound first isolated by Otto Unverdorben in 1826. Although it is biosynthesized by a variety of organisms, this yellowish aromatic oil is usually derived from guaiacum or wood creosote. Guaiacol is used as a reducing co-substrate for COX reactions. It is mainly used as expectorant, antiseptic. It is used as cough suppressant, it is an ingredient of Pulmo Bailly (UK). Pulmo Bailly Cough Expectorant is indicated for relief for cough symptoms that are associated with a flu, cold, or other infection. It contains active ingredients, Codeine and Guajacol, which reduce discomfort and the urge to cough. Each 5 ml tablespoon of Pulmo Bailly contains 75 mg guaiacol and 7 mg codeine.

Chloroform is a colorless, sweet-smelling, dense liquid and widely used industrial and laboratory solvent. The total global flux of chloroform through the environment is approximately 660 000 tonnes per year, and about 90% of emissions are natural in origin. Many kinds of seaweed produce chloroform, and fungi are believed to produce chloroform in soil. Chloroform is used as an industrial solvent and as an intermediate in the manufacture of polymeric materials. The major use of chloroformtoday is in the production of the refrigerant R-22, commonly used in the air conditioning business. Inhaled chloroform anesthesia was introduced in 1847 and Chloroform subsequently became the most widely used volatile anaesthetic, and was used in horses before the end of the 19th century. Pure chloroform is known to be decomposed by the air with the formation of hydrochloric acid, phosgene and carbon dioxide. Phosgene is also generated metabolically from chloroform, and liver and kidney damage can ensue from its production.

Antimicrobial agent Fluorosalan is classified as Category II for use as antiseptic handwash, healthcare personnel handwash, patient preoperative skin preoperative skin preparation, and surgical hand scrub products. In the 1994 TFM (59 FR 31402 at 31435-31436), FDA proposed that the active ingredient fluorosalan be found not GRAS/GRAE for the uses referred to in the 1994 TFM as antiseptic hand wash and health care personnel hand wash.

Lisadimate (glyceryl PABA), a substituted aminobenzoate, is a sunscreen with actions similar to those of aminobenzoic acid. It is effective against UVB light. Glyceryl PABA (Escalol 106), present in many popular sunscreens, is a common sensitizer which invariably cross-reacts with benzocaine; it is present in over 400 over-the-counter products. Glyceryl PABA does not appear to cross-react with the sunscreening agents amyl (Escalol 506) and octyl (Escalol 507) dimethyl PABA. Glyceryl PABA, may, on occasion, cross-react with para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), paraphenylenediamine, aniline, and sulfa drugs. Ironically, the sunscreening agent glyceryl PABA may, itself, act as a photosensitizing agent.

Mercufenol chloride (ortho-chloromercuriphenol) is organomercury complexe with high-confidence antiproliferative activity in thyroid cancer cells. Mercufenol chloride demonstrate marked antimicrobial activity after Topical application. Mercufenol chloride was evaluated for use only as a patient preoperative skin preparation in the 1994. Currently Mercufenol chloride is categorized for hand wash or rub or as a surgical hand scrub or rub.

3,3′,4′,5-Tetrachlorosalicylanilide (TCSA) is an apoptosis-inducing photosensitizer for keratinocytes. It was studied as a causative agent of photo contact dermatitis and drug photosensitivity. TCSA was used as a metabolic uncoupler in activated sludge biological wastewater treatment systems to reduce the amount of the produced sludge.