Clotiazepam is a compound of the benzodiazepine class. The drug was developed in Japan and approved for the treatment of insomnia, anxiety and before anesthesia. Clotiazepam was marketed worlwide under different names, however, currently it is available only in South America under the name Neuroval and presumably in Japan. Clotiazepam exerts its action by binding and activating GABA-A receptors.

Promegestone (R 5020) is a potent progestin devoid of androgenic side-effects and has marked anti-estrogenic activity. Promegestone is an AChR noncompetitive antagonist that may alter AChR function by interactions at the lipid-protein interface. Promegestone is used in the treatment of gynecological disorders due to luteal insufficiency.

Tolfenamic acid is a selective COX-2 inhibitor, which was marketed in Europe for the treatment of acute migraine disorders. Tolfenamic acid is currently unavailable for human use, however, it may be prescribed for veterinary purposes.

Butanilicaine (Hostacain) is a local anesthetic. It uses may associate with a risk of allergy. Butanilicaine has a vasodilator effect.

Tofisopam (marketed under brand names Emandaxin and Grandaxin) is a 2,3-benzodiazepine derivative that is marketed in several European countries as the anxiolytic drug. Tofisopam does not bind to the benzodiazepine binding site of the gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor. One study has shown that tofisopam acts as an isoenzyme-selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterases (PDEs) with the highest affinity to PDE-4A1 followed by PDE-10A1, PDE-3, and PDE-2A3. Like other benzodiazepines, tofisopam possesses anxiolytic properties but unlike other benzodiazepines, it does not have anticonvulsant, sedative, skeletal muscle relaxant, motor skill-impairing or amnestic properties. While it may not be an anticonvulsant in and of itself, it has been shown to enhance the anticonvulsant action of classical 1,4-benzodiazepines such as diazepam (but not sodium valproate, carbamazepine, phenobarbital, or phenytoin). Tofisopam is not approved for sale in the United States or Canada. However, Vela Pharmaceuticals of New Jersey is developing the D-enantiomer (dextofisopam) as a treatment for irritable bowel syndrome, with moderate efficacy demonstrated in clinical trials so far.

Nifuroxazide is a nitrofuran antibiotic used for the treatment of acute infectious diarrhoea.Nifuroxazide is a potent inhibitor of Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) signaling. It exerts antineoplastic potential both in vitro and in vivo.

Norgestrienone is a synthetic progwstin which was used as an oral contraceptive under the names Ogyline and Planor.

Chlorbenzoxamine is an antimuscarinic agent used for the treatment of peptic ulcer disease and other functional gastrointestinal disorders. Chlorbenzoxamine, a structural analog of hydroxyzine, produces a unique antagonism of gastric ulceration induced in rats and dogs by various procedures. This effect is not accompanied by a significant gastric secretory depression or a reduction in gastric acid concentration. Chlorbenzoxamine does not show anticholinergic or antihistaminic activity in vitro but does produce a nonspecific depression of isolated smooth muscle. The antiulcer effect of chlorbenzoxamine in rats is abolished by hypophysectomy suggesting a central or endocrine mechanism of action.

Vinpocetine is a synthetic derivative of the vinca alkaloid vincamine. Vinpocetine was first isolated from the plant in 1975 by the Hungarian chemist Csaba Szántay. The mass production of the synthetic compound was started in 1978 by the Hungarian pharmaceutical company Richter Gedeon. Vinpocetine has been reported to have cerebral blood-flow enhancing and neuroprotective effects, and has been used as a drug in Eastern Europe for the treatment of cerebrovascular disorders and age-related memory impairment. Vinpocetine acts as a phosphodiesterase (PDE) type-1 inhibitor in isolated rabbit aorta, Independent of vinpocetine's action on PDE, vinpocetine inhibits IKK preventing IκB degradation and the following translocation of NF-κB to the cell nucleus. Increases in neuronal levels of DOPAC, a metabolic breakdown product of dopamine, have been shown to occur in striatal isolated nerve endings as a result of exposure to vinpocetine. Such an effect is consistent with the biogenic pharmacology of reserpine, a structural relative of vinpocetine. However, this effect tends to be reversible upon cessation of vinpocetine administration, with full remission typically occurring within 3–4 weeks. Vinpocetine is generally well-tolerated in humans. No serious side effects have thus far been noted in clinical trials although none of these trials were long-term. Some users have reported headaches, especially at doses above 15 milligrams per day, as well as occasional upset stomach. The safety of vinpocetine in pregnant women has not been evaluated. Vinpocetine is not FDA approved in the United States for therapeutic use. The U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA) has ruled that vinpocetine, due to its synthetic nature and proposed therapeutic uses, was ineligible to be marketed as dietary supplement under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FDCA).

Bisoxatin (Laxonalin, Wylaxine) acetate is a stimulant laxative that has been used in the treatment of constipation. The drug showed good effects to habitual constipation and dolichocolon but was not sufficient acting in megacolon. It seems that the drug is effective to constipation due to functional disorders but the effect is not sufficient to constipation caused chiefly by organic colonic changes. No side effect was observed even in long term administration.