Sodium Lauryl Sulfoacetate is a safe skin friendly surfactant (foaming agent) for both skin and hair. Sodium Lauryl Sulfoacetate was used in 93 products in 1981, based on voluntary reports provided to FDA by industry; use concentrations ranged from >0.1% to >50%. In 2002 there were 68 uses (FDA 2002) and according to an industry survey in 2004 the current range of use concentrations is 0.6% to 21% (CTFA 2004). Asafety assessment on Sodium Lauryl Sulfoacetatewas published in 1987 with the conclusion “On the basis of the available data presented in this report, the Expert Panel concludes that Sodium Lauryl Sulfoacetate is safe as a cosmetic ingredient in the present practices of use and concentration” (Elder 1987). Studies available since that safety assessment was completed, along with updated information regarding uses and use concentrations, were considered by the CIR Expert Panel. After reviewing the available data, the Panel determined to not reopen this safety assessment.

Acesulfame is a non-nutritive sweetener Acesulfame potassium is a calorie-free artificial sweetener, also known as Acesulfame K or Ace K (K being the symbol for potassium), and marketed under the trade names Sunett and Sweet One. In the European Union, it is known under the E number (additive code) E950. It was discovered accidentally in 1967 by German chemist Karl Clauss at Hoechst AG (now Nutrinova). In chemical structure, acesulfame potassium is the potassium salt of 6-methyl-1,2,3- oxathiazine-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide. Acesulfame K has been approved for a variety of uses in more than 90 countries. In 1998, the FDA broadened the US approval of acesulfame K to allow its use in nonalcoholic beverages. It is often blended with sucralose and used to decrease the bitter aftertaste of aspartame. A wide range of low-calorie foods and drinks contain acesulfame K, including table-top sweeteners, chewing gum, jam, dairy products, frozen desserts, drinks and baked goods. Acesulfame K is not broken down when digested, nor is it stored in the body. After being consumed, it is quickly absorbed by the body and then rapidly excreted, unchanged.

Pyroglutamic acid (also known as PCA, 5-oxoproline, pidolic acid, or pyroglutamate for its basic form) exists as two distinct enantiomers: (2R) or D and (2S) or L. L-form is a metabolite in the glutathione cycle that is converted to glutamate by 5-oxoprolinase. L-Pyroglutamic acid is produced in the skin through the arginine-citrulline-ornitine-glutamic pathway. The free acid is not hygroscopic; however, the sodium salts of this acid are more hygroscopic than glycerine. Therefore, formulation of this acid is suggested as a defense against dehydration, for skin conditions involving desquamation. Hydromol Cream (main component of that is sodium pyrrolidone carboxylate (L form)) is a soft cream which moisturises the skin. Hydromol Cream contains a naturally occurring moisturising agent as well as oils, which prevent moisture loss from the skin. This helps to relieve itch, lubricate and soften the skin. Hydromol Cream is used to treat any condition in which dry skin is a feature such as eczema, ichthyosis (hereditary dry skin) and senile pruritus (itching that may occur in old age). L-Pyroglutamic acid is present in living cells has been reported from archaebacteria to humans, and its occurrence in living cells has been known for over a century. Despite its almost ubiquitous presence, the role of pyroglutamic acid in living cells is poorly understood. Pyroglutamic acid is found as an N-terminal modification in many neuronal peptides and hormones that also include the accumulating peptides in Alzheimer’s disease and familial dementia. The modification is also observed in proteins that include many antibodies, some enzymes and structural proteins.

Sodium dehydroacetate, a water-soluble antiseptic, is a food and feed additive with antimicrobial effects. Recently published studies have shown that sodium dehydroacetate in patients with leg ulcers could cause allergic contact dermatitis.

Cetrimide is a quaternary ammonium compound. Cetrimide was first introduced as a combined cleanser and skin antiseptic by Barnes (1942). Cetrimide combines excellent detergent properties and minimal toxicity with a useful antiseptic action. Cetrimide affects membrane permeability allowing ‘leaking’ of essential cell constituents leading to cell death. This medication is a skin antiseptic and disinfectant prescribed for seborrhoeic dermatitis and wound cleansing. The cream has a bactericidal activity against gram-positive bacteria and incompatible with soaps and other anionic surfactants.

Sulfosalicylic acid dihydrate is a polyfunctional metal chelating ligand that may be used as a metal scavenger.to form metal coordination complexes. Sulfosalicylic acid forms proton-transfer dye complexes with diazo compounds such as 4-(phenyldiazenyl)aniline. Proteins are precipitated upon complexation with 5-Sulfosalicylic acid, allowing the qualitative analysis of the resultant turbidity formed in a sample by these complexes leaving solution. Protein precipitation with 5-Sulfosalicylic acid has also been employed as a preparative measure for removing proteins prior to chromatographic analysis.

Calcium Saccharin Anhydrous is an odorless, white crystalline powder sweetener. It is used as a sugar substitute in foods and beverages. It has been used in food for many years. In cosmetics and personal care products, it is used in the formulation of dental products, mouthwashes and lipstick.

HYDROXYETHYLETHYLENEDIAMINETRIACETIC ACID (HEDTA) is used in cosmetics and care products. It’s a chelating agent, which in combination with selenium was effective in reducing the concentration of Al and level of DNA damage. In addition, experiments with rodents have shown that combination of HEDTA and propolis preserved histological features, mitigated oxidative stress and improved liver, kidney, and brain functions more profoundly.

FD&C Red 4 is a synthetic dye produced from petroleum. It is a red coloring pigment, soluble in water. This dye is FDA-approved for use in food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and medical devices. Cosmetics applications include: alcoholic perfumes, decorative cosmetics, toilet soap, syndet and liquid tensid products.