Cephalothin is a first generation, semisynthetic analogue of natural cephalosporin antibiotic. The in-vitro bactericidal action of Cephalothin results from inhibition of cell-wall synthesis. In general, Cephalothin has higher activity against Gram positive than Gram negative organisms. Cephalothin is primarily indicated in conditions like bone and joint infection, genitourinary tract infections, respiratory tract infections, soft tissue and skin infections and others. The severe or irreversible adverse effects of Cephalothin, which give rise to further complications, include nephrotoxicity, hemolytic anemia. Cephalothin produces potentially life-threatening effects, which include anaphylaxis, serum sickness syndrome. The symptomatic adverse reactions produced by Cephalothin are: rashes, urticaria, allergic reactions, thrombophlebitis, pain at injection site. Co-administration of diuretics, such as furanthril, ethacrynic acid and nephrotoxic antibiotics may increase the risk of renal damage. Reciprocal inactivation could be observed during in vitro mixing of Cephalothin with aminoglycosides.

In cosmetics and personal care products, Benzoxiquine has been reported to be used in the formulation of hair tonics, dressings, and other hair grooming aids. Benzoxiquine is described as a biocide for use in cosmetic products. It is currently reported to be used in only one product. In a separate finding, the Food and Drug Administration determined that Benzoxiquine is not generally recognized as safe and effective in over-the-counter topical antifungal drug products. The only data available on the toxicity of Benzoxiquine indicates that it is mutagenic in the Ames test without metabolic activation. Because of the lack of data, the safety of Benzoxiquine could not be substantiated. The data needed to make a safety assessment include purity/impurities, ultraviolet absorption (if there is absorption, then photosensitization data will be needed), 28-day dermal toxicity, dermal teratogenicity, ocular irritation (if already available only), dermal irritation and sensitization, and two different genotoxicity studies (one using a mammalian system). If the latter data are positive, dermal carcinogenesis data using the methods of the National Toxicology Program will be needed. It cannot be concluded that Benzoxiquine is safe for use in cosmetic products until these safety data have been obtained and evaluated.

LEVOPROPOXYPHENE is an antitussive drug, one of enantiomer of propoxyphene. Pdropoxyphene is an analgesic in the opioid category, patented in 1955 and manufactured by Eli Lilly and Company. Pdropoxyphene is intended to treat mild pain and also has antitussive (cough suppressant) and local anaesthetic effects.

Methysergide is an oral, synthetic ergot alkaloid, structurally related to the oxytocic agent methylergonovine and to the potent hallucinogen LSD. Methysergide is used prophylactically to reduce the frequency and intensity of severe vascular headaches. Although methysergide is an ergot alkaloid, it is a weak vasoconstrictor and oxytocic. Methysergide is a more potent antagonist of peripheral serotonin receptors than other ergot alkaloids. Methysergide is not just a 5HT2 antagonist, it is also a 5HT1 agonist. Although methysergide and sumatriptan both stimulate serotonin receptors centrally, methysergide is intended for prophylaxis while sumatriptan is indicated for treatment of an acute attack. Methysergide was approved by the FDA in 1962. Methysergide was formerly used for prophylaxis of cluster headaches/migraine headaches, but is no longer recommended due to retroperitoneal/retropulmonary fibrosis.

LEVOPROPOXYPHENE is an antitussive drug, one of enantiomer of propoxyphene. Pdropoxyphene is an analgesic in the opioid category, patented in 1955 and manufactured by Eli Lilly and Company. Pdropoxyphene is intended to treat mild pain and also has antitussive (cough suppressant) and local anaesthetic effects.

Phytic acid is a major phosphorus storage compound of most seeds and cereal grains. It has the strong ability to chelate multivalent metal ions, especially zinc, calcium, and iron. Phytic acid is also considered to be a natural antioxidant and is suggested to have potential functions of reducing lipid peroxidation and as a preservative in foods. Clathrin-associated adaprot complex AP-2 has it been suggested may act as one of the receptor sites for Phytic acid. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments have demonstrated striking anticancer (preventive as well as therapeutic) effects of Phytic acid.

Tyrosine (L-form) is a non-essential amino acid, which is primarily required for the protein synthesis. This amino acid is the precursor of dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine; therefore the lower concentration of tyrosine could be a peripheral marker of the hyperdopaminergic condition hypothesized to explain psychosis. Tyrosine supplements can improve cognition, increase energy, reduce anxiety, reduce depression, reduce levels of pain.

Thiethylperazine is a antiemetic, which was used for the treatment of nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing radiotherapy, chemotherapy or as a postoperative care. Thiethylperazine exerts its therapeutic effect by blocking dopamine receptors in brain. The drug is capable of potentiating CNS depressants as well as atropine.

Piminodine is an analog of pethidine. It was used in medicine for obstetric analgesia and in dental procedures briefly during the 1960s and 1970s, but has largely fallen out of clinical use. Piminodine produces analgesia, sedation and euphoria and has typical side effects associated with opioids, including potentially serious respiratory depression, which can be life-threatening. Piminodine was more potent than desipramine and protriptyline under similar conditions. Compared to meperidine, piminodine is more potent and gives smoother duration. Piminodine can be addictive. Piminodine is currently a Schedule II controlled substance in the United States.

Oxethazaine is a potent local anesthetic. It is administered orally (usually in combination with an antacid) for the relief of pain associated with peptic ulcer disease or esophagitis. Its effectiveness at the acidity of the gastric environment is due to the fact that oxethazaine, a weak base, is relatively non-ionized at pH 1. It is also used topically in the management of hemorrhoid pain. Oral oxetacaine preparations are available in several countries, including India, South Africa and Brazil, but not the United States. It is marketed under the name Strocain in Japan.