Elacytarabine (CP-4055 or araC-5'elaidic acid ester) is a lipid-conjugated derivative of the nucleoside analog cytarabine. Elacytarabine blocks cell division and may kill cancer cells. It is a type of antimetabolite. It was studied in clinical trials for the treatment of solid tumors. In preclinical and clinical studies, elacytarabine has demonstrated both safety and efficacy in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), with noteworthy activity among the cytarabine-refractory AML population. Elacytarabine was granted orphan drug designation status from the European Commission in 2007 and from the US FDA in 2008, with a fast-track approval designation from the FDA in 2010. Elacytarabine development has been discontinued.

Piridronic acid is pyridinyl bisphosphonate. It is the bone calcium metabolism regulator. Piridronic acid was used for the treatment of osteoporosis. It is the human farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase inhibitor. When expressed on an actual or anticipated clinical dose basis for osteoporosis piridronic acid may have a greater potential for inducing gastric damage than do pyridinyl bisphosphonates. Piridronic acid induced significantly more antral damage than risedronate and a greater number of lesions compared to pamidronate and risedronate.

Dideoxyadenosine (2′,3′-dideoxyadenosine) is a prodrug form of didanosine (2',3'-dideoxyinosine), a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor analog of adenosine. 2',3'-Dideoxyadenosine and 2',3'-dideoxyinosine were shown to be equally effective in the inhibition of HIV proliferation in human T cells. Dideoxyadenosine competitively inhibits adenylyl cyclase, thereby reducing levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). By inhibiting cAMP-mediated gene activation in tumor cells, this agent may retard tumor cell proliferation. 2',3'-dideoxyadenosine inhibits retroviral DNA synthesis and mRNA expression in T cells exposed to the virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and affords such cells long-term protection in vitro under conditions of substantial viral excess. 2',3'-dideoxyadenosine appears to completely block reverse transcription from viral RNA to viral DNA. 2',3'-dideoxyadenosine was also shown not only to possess antibacterial activity in vitro against a variety of Enterobacteriaceae, but also to be effective in vivo, dideoxyadenosine was active in experimental mouse infections by the oral route against 5 Salmonella strains, 2 of 3 Arizona strains, 5 of 7 Citrobacter strains, 3 of 8 Klebsiella strains, 3 of 5 Escherichia strains, 1 of 3 Shigella strains, and 3 of 15 Serratia strains at concentrations generally well below the toxic level.

Chlorogenic acid is the ester of caffeic acid and (-)-quinic acid. Chlorogenic acid is a naturally occurring plant metabolite and can be found with the related compounds cryptochlorgenic acid and neochlorogenic acid in the leaves of Hibiscus sabdariffa, coffee, potato, eggplant, peaches, and prunes. Chlorogenic acid has been investigated as a dietary supplement to improve glucose intolerant hypoglycemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. It has also been identified as a potential anticancer agent by reducing the expression of HIF-1a and Sphingosine Kinase-1. Chlorogenic acid was also identified as a neuraminidase blocker effective against influenza A virus (H1N1 and H3N2).