Dextromoramide is a synthetic strong-acting opioid and full mu-opioid receptor agonist. Dextromoramide is a Schedule I drug illegal to possess. The current indication for Palfium® (dextromoramide) is severe acute or chronic pain requiring opioids, such as post-operative pain, and pain associated with bone fractures, malignancies and acute renal/biliary colic attacks in adults.

Dopexamine hydrochloride is a synthetic catecholamine, structurally related to dopamine, with marked intrinsic agonist activity at beta 2-adrenoceptors, lesser agonist activity at dopamine DA1- and DA2-receptors and beta 1-adrenoceptors, and an inhibitory action on the neuronal catecholamine uptake mechanism. The drug is administered by intravenous infusion, and is characterized by a rapid onset and short duration of action. Dopexamine is being tested as a treatment for heart failure and sepsis.

Levlofexidine is R-enantiomer of a α2A adrenergic receptor agonist Lofexidine. Levlofexidine (as a component of Lofexidine) can be used as a short-acting anti-hypertensive but is mostly used to help relieve symptoms of heroin or opiate withdrawal in opiate dependency. Lofexidine is approved in the United Kingdom but is still undergoing clinical trials in the United States. Levlofexidine showed an approximately 9-fold higher affinity than Dexlofexidine for the alpha 2-adrenoceptor-like binding sites in rat brain membranes identified by [3H]-clonidine and was 4 times more potent at displacing [3H]-prazosin from alpha 1-adrenoceptors. The possibility of using lofexidine to treat alcohol addiction withdrawal symptoms has been investigated and has not yet been shown to be an effective treatment.

Amogastrin [INN, JAN] is a pseudopeptide which acts as a Cholecystokinin receptor agonist(CCKs or. 'gastrin receptor'), and a gastric acid secretion stimulant. Is used as a diagnostic agent.

Fenethylline (generic name Captagon) is a codrug of amphetamine and theophylline. In the fenetylline molecule, theophylline is covalently linked with amphetamine via an alkyl chain. It was formerly used to treat conditions such as ADHD, narcolepsy, and depression, but its use has been banned because of the potential for abuse. Amphetamine, an agonist for trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) with enhancing dopamine signaling (an increase of irritability, aggression, etc.), is the main cause of Captagon addiction. Theophylline, an antagonist that blocks adenosine receptors (e.g. A2aR) in the brain responsible for restlessness and painlessness, may attenuate the behavioral sensitization caused by amphetamine. Fenethylline is included in a list of compounds to be considered by a World Health Organization (WHO) Expert Committee in April 1985 for possible international scheduling under the Convention on Psychotropic Substances, 1971. Fenethylline re-emerged because of its widespread abuse by Middle Eastern young adults. Terrorist groups such as the Islamic State to enhance what they consider desirable characteristics - aggressiveness, alertness, and fearlessness - in their recruits, promote it.

Hopantenic acid (homopantothenic acid) is a central nervous system depressant. Formulated as the calcium salt, it is used as a pharmaceutical drug in the Russian Federation under the brand name Pantogam. In Russia it is widely used to treat a variety of neurological, psychological and psychiatric conditions. The drug has been on the pharmaceutical market since 1979 and has been proven to be safe even for children from 3 years old upwards. Hopantenic acid is a natural forming substance, has some of the lowest side effects and considered to be very safe. Use Pantogam to treat a wide variety of cognitive and nervous system disorders with combined sedative and mild stimulant effect. Hopantenic acid is not approved for use in Europe or the United States. GABA receptor agonist.

Clinofibrate is known as a fibrate therapeutic drug for hyperlipidemia.

Levopropylhexedrine acts similar to amphetamine, at therapeutic doses has anorexigenic effect.

Fasoracetam is a cognition enhancer that interacts with GABA(B) receptors, stimulates neuronal ACh receptors and modulates mGlu receptors. The drug is being tested in phase III/II of clinical trials for the treatment of Attention Deficit Disorder With Hyperactivity in people with genetic disorders impacting mGlu receptors and never been approved by FDA. Fasoracetam is also being marketed in the form of capsules for research purposes aimed at investigation of cognition and memory disorders.

Norfenefrine or meta-octopamine, also known as 3,β-dihydroxyphenethylamine, is an adrenergic agent used as a sympathomimetic drug which is marketed in Europe, Japan, and Mexico. Along with its structural isomer p-octopamine and the tyramines, norfenefrine is a naturally occurring, endogenous trace amine and plays a role as a minor neurotransmitter in the brain. Norfenefrine controls blood pressure in acute hypotensive states eg pheochromocytomectomy, sympathectomy, poliomyelitis, spinal anesth, MI, septicemia, blood transfusion and drug reactions. Adjunct in treatment of cardiac arrest and hypotension.