Calcium ferrocyanide is used as anti-caking agent. Known as E-538 food additive. Calcium ferrocyanide, because of the strong chemical bond between iron and the cyanide groups, theses salts have a low toxicity. Sodium ferrocyanide (E 535), potassium ferrocyanide (E 536) and calcium ferrocyanide (E 538) are permitted in salt and its substitutes at the level of 20 mg/kg (calculated as anhydrous potassium ferrocyanide) individually or in combination.

Ristocetin A is an antibiotic, derived from Nocardia lurida and exerts bactericidal effect against a range of Gram-positive cocci, Gramnegative diplococci, and Myco. tuberculosis. Ristocetin A and B were applied to treat staphylococcal infections but no longer used clinically because it caused thrombocytopenia and platelet agglutination. The Von Willebrand Ristocetin Cofactor [vWF:RCo] assay measures the ability of a patient’s plasma to agglutinate platelets in the presence of the antibiotic Ristocetin. The rate of Ristocetin induced agglutination is related to the concentration and functional activity of the plasma von Willebrand factor. Ristocetin is thought to bind to VWF at Glu1239-Pro-Gly Gly1242.

Magnesium glutamate hydrobromide (Psychoverlan) is a known sedative and muscle relaxant. In a long-term study 19 young females were treated with Psychoverlan capsules or syrup for an average of 11.4 months. Intolerance phenomena and side-effects were not seen. It was even decided to increase the standard dose. None of the patients developed brominism or bromine intoxication. The general state of health of 13 of the 19 subjects was improved by the harmonizing effect of the drug on psychic and vegetative functions. Tiredness and somnolence were not observed.

Estrone, the metabolite of estradiol, is used alone or in combination with other natural estrogens, in the form of ester (acetate, propionate~ or as hydrosoluble conjugate (sodium or piperazine sulphate) in the substitutive hormonal therapy (hypoestrogenic) and in the prevention of the bone loss in the cases of post-menopausal osteoporosis or in oophorectomized women.

Trometamol is an organic amine proton acceptor. It is used in the synthesis of surface-active agents and pharmaceuticals; as an emulsifying agent for cosmetic creams and lotions, mineral oil and paraffin wax emulsions, as a biological buffer, and used as an alkalizer.

MANGANESE GLYCINATE is composed of trace mineral manganese and an amino acid, glycine. It is easily absorbable. It helps the body in a variety of ways including formation of clotting factors, connective tissue sex hormones and bones. It helps in the absorption of calcium and metabolism of carbohydrate as well as fat. It plays an important role for normal nerve and brain function. Moreover, it is a component of the enzyme, superoxide dismutase which helps fighting free radicals. Decreased manganese level can cause infertility, seizures, weakness and bone malformation. Manganese Glycinate (Mn(glycinate)2) has application as a contrast enhancement agent for magnetic resonance imaging in the heart. Toxicity, which is primarily due to the action of manganese as a calcium channel blocker with effects on muscle electrophysiology and contractility, has limited the use of manganese salts as paramagnetic contrast agents. Mn(glycinate)2 exerts its negative inotropic effect, at least partially, by interfering with the function of the L-type Ca channels at high concentrations.

(S)-Mandelic acid (L-Mandelic acid) is an enantiomer of the aromatic alpha hydroxy acid that is used in the production of pharmaceuticals for its antibacterial activity and administered as an oral antibiotic or a treatment for urinary tract infections. Well-known ester drugs, such as cyclandelate and homatropine, are derived from L-mandelic acid. Because of its antibacterial properties, L-mandelic acid is an alternative to α-hydroxy acids in skin care products. Among the most popular ingredients in both skin care and anti-aging products, L-mandelic acid now represents a multi-billion dollar industry.

Methyllycaconitine is a diterpenoid alkaloid found in many species of Delphinium (larkspurs). Methyllycaconitine is a potent antagonist for α7-containing neuronal nicotinic receptors. Methyllycaconitine (as mellictin) is used in some countries as a myorelaxant for treatment of pyramidal and extrapyramidal motoric disorders, such as pyramidal insufficiency, Parkinson disease, meningocephalitis and other disorders.

3-ISOPROPYLAMINO-1,2-PROPANEDIOL (Indenolol) is an antihypertensive agent, whose beta 1-adrenoceptor antagonist properties combined with beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist properties have been shown by experimental studies in animals. It was used for the treatment of angina pectoris, hypertension, arrhythmias

Benzbromarone (INN) is a uricosuric agent and non-competitive inhibitor of xanthine oxidase used in the treatment of gout, especially when the first line treatment, allopurinol, fails or produces intolerable adverse effects. It is structurally related to the antiarrhythmic amiodarone. Benzbromarone was introduced in the 1970s and was viewed as having few associated serious adverse reactions. It was registered in about 20 countries throughout Asia, South America and Europe. In 2003, the drug was withdrawn by Sanofi-Synthélabo, after reports of serious hepatotoxicity, although it is still marketed in several countries by other drug companies. The withdrawal has greatly limited its availability around the world and increased difficulty in accessing it in other countries where it has never been available. Standard dosages of benzbromarone (100 mg/day) tend to produce greater hypouricaemic effects than standard doses of allopourinol (300 mg/day) or probenecid (1000 mg/day). Adverse effects associated with benzbromarone are relatively infrequent but potentially severe. Four cases of benzbromarone-induced hepatotoxicity were identified from primary literature, and eleven cases have been reported by Sanofi-Synthélabo but details are not available in the public domain. Only one of the four publicly published cases demonstrated a clear relationship between the drug and liver injury as demonstrated by rechallenge. The other three cases lacked incontrovertible evidence to support a diagnosis of benzbromarone-induced hepatotoxicity. If all the reported cases are assumed to be due to benzbromarone, the estimated risk of hepatotoxicity in Europe was approximately 1 in 17 000 patients but may be higher in Japan. Benzbromarone is a very potent inhibitor of CYP2C9. The mechanism of benzbromarone hepatotoxicity is believed to be due to its hepatic metabolism by CYP2C9 and possible effects of the parent compound or its metabolites on mitochondrial function. Benzbromarone is a benzofuran and shares structural similarities with benzarone and amiodarone, all three of which affect mitochondrial function.