Dixyrazine is a typical antipsychotic of the phenothiazine group. Under a trademark Esucos, the drug was used in European countries as an antipsychotic, antiemetic and sedative with oral doses ranging from 20 to 75 mg daily. Dixyrazine has also been given by injection.

Haloxazolam is a GABA-A receptor agonist indicated for the treatment of anxiety. The drug is approved and marketed in Japan under the name Somelin.

Penfluridol is a highly potent; first generation diphenylbutylpiperidine antipsychotic was developed by Janssen Pharmaceutica in 1968 and is used to treat schizophrenial and similar psychotic disorders. It is, however, like most typical antipsychotics, being increasingly replaced by the atypical antipsychotics. This drug is long-acting dopamine receptor blocker.

Valnoctamide is a valproic acid derivative associated with a decreased risk for congenital abnormalities and developed by Beersheva Mental Health Center for treatment mania. Valnoctamide has been marketed as an anxiolytic and sedative in several European countries (as Nirvanil), including Italy, Holland, and Switzerland, until the year 2000 but was not actively promoted as an anticonvulsant. It was marketed in the U.S. as Axiquel by McNeil Laboratories in the 1970s. In mice, valnoctamide has been shown to be distinctly less teratogenic than valproic acid. Injection of 3 mkmol ⁄ kg at day 8 of gestation produced only 1% exencephaly (as compared to 0–1% in control mice and 53% in valproate-treated mice). Embryolethality rates showed similar results: 52% with valproate versus 5% in the controls and 2% with valnoctamide. Valnoctamide's patent is expired, and it is not the property of any major pharmaceutical company. Valnoctamide has potential as a therapy in epilepsy including status epilepticus (SE) and neuropathic pain and is currently being developed for the treatment of mania and Schizoaffective Disorder. In clinical trials, Valnoctamide was well tolerated but lacked efficacy in the treatment of symptoms in patients with acute mania.

Mefeserpine (Methoxyphenoserpine) is a hypotensive reserpoid with a weak central depressive effect.

Iproheptine (Metron, Susat) is a vasoconstrictor, antihistamine, nasal decongestant marketed in Japan.

The NSAID clometacin is an indometacin derivative. Clometacin is an analgesic drug that binds to human serum albumin (HSA) and inhibits the binding of indomethacin, warfarin, clofibrate and salicylic acid to HSA. Clometacin (DUPERAN) was approved in France in 1977. All preparations containing clometacin were withdrawn in 1987 due to their hepatotoxicity.

Lefetamine (L-SPA; L-1,2-diphenyl-l-dimethylaminoethane hydrochloride) is a synthetic compound with analgesic and anti-inflammatory action, introduced in clinical practice in Italy and Japan as ‘Santenol’. Santenol is available for oral (50 mg tablets1 and intramuscular (60 mg vials containing also lidocainel use. Animal studies have shown an analgesic effect and changes in EEG activity and O2 consumption of the nervous tissue. Lefetamine may be an opioid partial agonist. Lefetamine was first marketed in the 1940s as an opioid analgesic. Since withdrawal symptoms were observed during treatment, it became a controlled substance.

Tipepidine (INN) also known as tipepidine hibenzate (JAN), is a synthetic, non-opioid antitussive and expectorant of the thiambutene class. The drug was discovered in the 1950s, and was developed in Japan in 1959. It is used as the hibenzate and citrate salts. The safety of tipepidine in children and adults has already been established. It is reported that tipepidine inhibits G-protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK)-channel currents. The inhibition of GIRK channels by tipepidine is expected to modulate the level of monoamines in the brain. Tipepidine can improve attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms by modulating monoaminergic neurotransmission through the inhibition of GIRK channels. Tipepidine also is being investigated in depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). As it acts on the central nervous system, overdose can cause altered mental status and other neurological symptoms; however, there have been few reports of tipepidine intoxication, including six cases in children and no cases in adults.

Etafenone is an antiarrhythmic and coronary vasodilator drug. Etafenone exerts negative inotropic action on myocardium. It is able to block calcium channels. As a coronary vasodilator which produces a decrease in the heart rate and myocardial oxygen consumption, etafenone has been used in the therapy of ischemic heart disease.