Beta-Hydroxyisovaleric acid (also known as 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid or 3HIA) is a normal human metabolite excreted in the urine. It is a byproduct of the leucine degradation pathway. Beta-Hydroxyisovaleric acid serves as a sensitive indicator of marginal biotin deficiency in humans. The variability of the proportion of leucine catabolites excreted as 3HIA suggests substantial population heterogeneity in the metabolic capacity of the 3HIA-carnitine detoxification pathway. In addition, was shown that in type II diabetic patients the catabolism of leucine was accelerated even in the absence of ketosis and that the urinary beta-hydroxyisovaleric acid concentration was a useful marker of short-term metabolic control in these patients.

Hydroxynaphthoic acid is a salt part of discontinued drug Bephenium hydroxynaphthoate. It was also shown to have anti-diabetic effect in mice, acting as a chemical chaperone and reducing ER stress.

Glucaric acid is a non-toxic, naturally occurring compound, which is found in small amounts in plants and mammals, including humans. Salts of glucaric acid have potent antiproliferative properties in vivo. The risk of cancer development can be reduced by ingesting food rich in glucaric acid or self-medication with its salts. Glucaric acid inhibits bacterial beta-glucuronidase, thus increasing the excretion of conjugated xenobiotic compounds and decreasing activity of harmful substances. Inhibition of beta-glucuronidase ultimately results in potentially decreasing the risk of carcinogenesis. Calcium salt of the acid demonstrated anti-cancer activity in patients with breast cancer (phase I clinical trial) and in preclinical models of liver, lung, colon and skin cancers. Calcium-D-glucarate is being marketed as a dietary supplement.

4-Amino-3-hydroxybutanoic acid (GABOB) is an endogenous ligand found in the central nervous system in mammals. γ-Amino-β-hydroxybutyric acid is a derivative of the neurotransmitter GABA. It has been claimed to be of value in neurological disorders and to have an antihypertensive effect. γ-Amino-β-hydroxybutyric acid can help overcome stress and anxiety, improve learning and boost memory function. It is also known to increase growth hormone levels, which help the body heal and rejuvenate itself. There are no reported side effects of γ-Amino-β-hydroxybutyric acid when taken at therapeutic dosages. At high dosages, some slight drowsiness may occur. Adverse effects have included dizziness and anorexia also.

Disodium iminodiacetate is a salt of iminodiacetic acid (IDA). The iminodiacetate anion can act as a tridentate ligand to form a metal complex with two, fused, five-membered chelate rings. Iminodiacetic acid is used to diagnose problems of the liver, gallbladder and bile ducts in an imaging procedure, called as hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid (HIDA) scan. A nuclear medicine scanner tracks the flow of the tracer from the liver into the gallbladder and small intestine and creates computer images. In addition, iminodiacetate is a part of the iminodiacetate-modified poly-L-lysine dendrimer (IMPLD), a fluorescent bone-imaging agent. IMPLD is used in the diagnosis of bone tumors, or to be used for the delivery of chemotherapy drugs or therapeutic agents. Bones differ from other body tissues in their unique calcium mineral composition, which consists mainly of hydroxyapatite (HA). IDA functionalization could be used as a general approach to bone targeting by increasing affinity for HA, enabling the transport of other molecules or particles to bones.

Abscisic Acid ((2Z,4E)-5-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethyl-4-oxocyclohex-2-en-1-yl]-3-methylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid) is a plant hormone and growth regulator that is involved in several physiological mechanisms including seed dormancy, leaf abscission, stomatal movement, and plant stress responses. Through complex interactions with several intracellular signaling systems, it can regulate the expression of hundreds of plant genes. Abscisic Acid has also been found to be present in metazoans, from sponges up to mammals including humans. Currently, its biosynthesis and biological role in animals is poorly known. Abscisic acid has recently been shown to elicit potent anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic effects in mouse models of diabetes/obesity, inflammatory bowel disease, atherosclerosis, and influenza infection. Many biological effects in animals have been studied using Abscisic Acid as a nutraceutical or pharmacognostic drug, but Abscisic Acid is also generated endogenously by some cells. There are also conflicting conclusions from different studies, where some claim that Abscisic acid is essential for pro-inflammatory responses whereas other show anti-inflammatory effects. Like with many natural substances with medical properties, Abscisic Acid has become popular also in naturopathy. While Abscisic Acid clearly has beneficial biological activities and many naturopathic remedies will contain high levels of Abscisic Acid (such as wheatgrass juice, fruits, and vegetables), some of the health claims made may be exaggerated or overly optimistic. In mammalian cells Abscisic Acid targets a protein known as lanthionine synthetase C-like 2 (LANCL2), triggering an alternative mechanism of activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma).

Iobenzamic acid is a contrast medium, which was used for cholecystography under the name Osbil. It is assumed that the drug is no longer marketed.

Sodium anthranilate is an excipient (pharmacologically inactive substance). Sodium anthranilate (Aminobenzoate sodium ,C7H6NNaO2), also known as sodium 2-aminobenzoate, is an organic amine. Aminobenzoate sodium exists as a yellow powder for use in pharmaceutical processing.

Flufenamic acid is a member of the anthranilic acid derivatives class of NSAID drugs. Like other members of the class, it is a COX inhibitor and prevents the formation of prostaglandins. Flufenamic acid is known to bind to and reduce the activity of prostaglandin F synthase and activate TRPC6.