Arachidic acid, also known as eicosanoic, is a component of wild soybean. It is a saturated fatty acid, which is used for the production of detergents and lubricants, and was discovered to modulate expression of cyclooxygenase-2, an enzyme pivotal to skin inflammation and reparation.

THIOCTIC ACID, also known as alpha-lipoic acid, is a vitamin-like antioxidant that acts as a free-radical scavenger. It exists in two enantiomeric forms, R and S, being the R isoform an essential cofactor of four mitochondrial enzyme complexes. THIOCTIC ACID is available as an over-the-counter nutritional supplement and has been used nutritionally and clinically since the 1950s for various diseases and conditions.

Fusidic acid is a anti-bacterial agent, initially isolated from Fusidium coccineum by Godtfredsen et al (Leo Pharma) in 1960. It is discussed that fusidic acid exerts its anti-microbial effect by inhibiting bacterial elongation factor G, thus suppressing the protein synthesis. Fusidic acid is widely used in Europe under the names Fucidin H(fusidic acid / hydrocortisone acetate), Fucidin (fusidic acid / sodium fusidate) and Fucicort (fusidic acid / betamethasone valerate) for the treatment of primary/secondary skin infections and inflammatory dermatoses.

Sodium 2-naphthalenesulfonate is a sodium salt of naphthalene sulfonic acid. Sodium 2-naphthalenesulfonate is a surfactant-hydrotrope used in cosmetics. Use concentrations would be typically below 2%. In clinical studies, Sodium 2-naphthalenesulfonate was neither an irritant (tested up to 2%), cumulative irritant (tested up to 1%), nor a sensitizer (tested up to 1%). Sodium 2-naphthalenesulfonate is considered safe as used in cosmetic formulations intended to be applied to the skin.

Sodium threonate (threonic acid) is a major breakdown product of ascorbic acid used as a food additive. It is formed in insignificant amounts from ascorbic acid used as a technological aid in the food industry. When administered orally to guinea-pigs (100 mg/kg body weight) for periods of 4 or 28 days, it produced a significant fall in the ascorbic acid concentration of certain organs but was without effect on other physiological and biochemical characteristics. The lifespan of scorbutic guinea-pigs was significantly reduced by dietary threonic acid (100 mg/kg body weight). The results indicate that threonic acid may modify the metabolism of ascorbic acid in guinea-pigs. Threonic acid is a normal component is aqeous humour and blood. Threonic acid is a substrate of L-threonate 3-dehydrogenase in ascorbate and aldarate metabolism pathway.

Sodium Ursolate (Ursolic acid sodium salt) is a natural active ingredient derived from many plants. This pentacyclic triterpenoid acid is manufactured by extraction of Salvia officinalis leaves, also known as common sage, Loquat leaves and Olea europea. Sodium Ursolate provides a targeted approach to anti-aging skin repair and sun protection through reactivation, protection and optimization of the skins own cellular mechanisms. Furthermore, it protects and refolds proteins damaged by UV and free radical exposure and stimulates new collagen synthesis to counter the effects of thinning and sagging skin caused by photodamage, inhibits elastase and stabilizes liposomal membranes. It is of most interest to use in Anti-Aging and Anti-Photo-Aging cosmetics products.