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Search results for "ATC|ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM|DRUGS FOR FUNCTIONAL GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS" in comments (approximate match)
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (RACEMIC)
Conditions:
Bevonium is a parasympatolytic antimuscarinic compound. It possesses spasmolytic properties. The use of the drug is discontinued.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Fenpiprane is a compound with antiallergic and antispasmodic activities. It is used in the treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Pitofenone is a spasmolytic agent. It exerts anticholinesterase and antimuscarinic activities. Pitofenone is used to relieve pain and spasms of smooth muscles. Pitofenone is also used for the treatment of back pain, sprains, and strains. Pitofenone is used in combination along with fenpiverinium bromide, and metamizole sodium. The drug is currently sold in Eastern Europe and India under various trade names. The combined preparation possesses strong analgesic, spasmolytic, cholinolytic and anti-inflammatory effects on the smooth muscles predominantly of the gastrointestinal and urogenital tract. Indications are strong pain in gastric or intestinal colic, kidney and gallstones, and for painful menstruation. Pitofenone hydrochloride present in the combination exerts papaverin-like spasmolytic effect on the vascular and extra-vascular smooth muscles of the stomach, intestines, urinary tract, biliary tract, and uterus.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
NCT01636947: Phase 4 Interventional Completed Nausea
(2012)
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (RACEMIC)
Targets:
Conditions:
Alizapride is a dopamine antagonist with prokinetic and antiemetic effects used in the treatment of nausea and vomiting, including postoperative nausea and vomiting. The anti-emetic action of Alizapride is due to its antagonist activity at D2 receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) in the central nervous system (CNS)—this action prevents nausea and vomiting triggered by most stimuli. Structurally similar to metoclopramide and, therefore, shares similar other attributes related to emesis and prokinetics.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
Belladonna Leaves U.S.P.
(1921)
Source URL:
First marketed in 1921
Source:
Belladonna Leaves U.S.P.
Source URL:
Class:
STRUCTURALLY DIVERSE
Status:
US Approved Rx
(2020)
Source:
ANDA213614
(2020)
Source URL:
First approved in 2000
Source:
NDA021107
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Targets:
Conditions:
Alosetron, marketed under the brand name Lotronex, is a 5-HT3 antagonist used for the management of severe diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in women only. Alosetron is a potent and selective 5-HT3
receptor antagonist. 5-HT3 receptors are nonselective cation channels that are extensively
distributed on enteric neurons in the human gastrointestinal tract, as well as other peripheral and
central locations. Activation of these channels and the resulting neuronal depolarization affect the
regulation of visceral pain, colonic transit and gastrointestinal secretions, processes that relate to the
pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). 5-HT3 receptor antagonists such as alosetron
inhibit activation of non-selective cation channels which results in the modulation of the enteric nervous system. Alosetron is used for the treating women with severe irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) accompanied by severe diarrhea (usually lasting for 6 months or more). It is only prescribed to women who do not respond to other medicines and is not to be used by women whose main IBS problem is constipation.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(2009)
Source:
ANDA040844
(2009)
Source URL:
First approved in 1961
Source:
NDA012827
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (RACEMIC)
Targets:
Glycopyrrolate is a synthetic anticholinergic agent with a quaternary ammonium structure. Glycopyrrolate is a muscarinic competitive antagonist used as an antispasmodic, in some disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, and to reduce salivation with some anesthetics. Glycopyrrolate binds competitively to the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. Like other anticholinergic (antimuscarinic) agents, it inhibits the action of acetylcholine on structures innervated by postganglionic cholinergic nerves and on smooth muscles that respond to acetylcholine but lack cholinergic innervation. These peripheral cholinergic receptors are present in the autonomic effector cells of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, the sinoatrial node, the atrioventricular node, exocrine glands and, to a limited degree, in the autonomic ganglia. Thus, it diminishes the volume and free acidity of gastric secretions and controls excessive pharyngeal, tracheal, and bronchial secretions. Glycopyrrolate antagonizes muscarinic symptoms (e.g., bronchorrhea, bronchospasm, bradycardia, and
intestinal hypermotility) induced by cholinergic drugs such as the anticholinesterases.
The highly polar quaternary ammonium group of glycopyrrolate limits its passage across lipid
membranes, such as the blood-brain barrier, in contrast to atropine sulfate and scopolamine
hydrobromide, which are highly non-polar tertiary amines which penetrate lipid barriers easily. Glycopyrrolate is marketed under the brand names Robinul, Robinul Forte, Cuvposa. In October 2015, glycopyrrolate was approved by the FDA for use as a standalone treatment for Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), as Seebri Neohaler.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(1999)
Source:
ANDA040319
(1999)
Source URL:
First approved in 1950
Source:
BENTYL by ALLERGAN
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Conditions:
Dicyclomine is an anticholinergic tertiary amine used frequently by oral and parenteral route as an effective anti-spasmodic agent. Dicyclomine hydrochloride salt is approved under brand name bentyl for the treatment of functional bowel/irritable bowel syndrome. In addition is known, that dicyclomine is also used in morning and motion sickness, dysmenorrheal, intestinal hypermotility. It was shown, that Dicyclomine is a selective M1 and M3 muscarinic receptors antagonist, but os shown pharmacological activity via the M1 receptor.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
ZELNORM by ALFASIGMA
(2002)
Source URL:
First approved in 2002
Source:
ZELNORM by ALFASIGMA
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Targets:
Conditions:
Tegaserod (3‐(5‐methoxy‐1H‐indol‐3ylmethylene)‐N‐pentyl‐carbazimidamide), an aminoguanidine indole derivative of serotonin, is a selective partial agonist highly selective for 5‐HT4 receptor with an affinity constant in the nanomolar range. Tegaserod, by acting as an agonist at neuronal 5-HT4 receptors, triggers the release of further neurotransmitters such as calcitonin gene-related peptide from sensory neurons. The activation of 5-HT4 receptors in the gastrointestinal tract stimulates the peristaltic reflex and intestinal secretion, as well as inhibits visceral sensitivity. In vivo studies showed that tegaserod enhanced basal motor activity and normalized impaired motility throughout the gastrointestinal tract. Zelnorm® (tegaserod maleate) is indicated for the short-term treatment of women with irritable bowel
syndrome (IBS) whose primary bowel symptom is constipation. In addition Zelnorm® is indicated for the treatment of patients less than 65 years of age with
chronic idiopathic constipation.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
PROPULSID by JANSSEN PHARMS
(1993)
Source URL:
First approved in 1993
Source:
PROPULSID by JANSSEN PHARMS
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Cisapride is chemically related to metoclopramide, but unlike metoclopramide, it does not cross the blood-brain barrier or have antidopaminergic effects. Cisapride is a serotonin-4 (5-HT4) receptor agonist. Cisapride was indicated for the symptomatic treatment of adult patients with nocturnal heartburn due to gastroesophageal reflux disease. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in America stopped the marketing of cisapride as of 14th July 2000. They had received at least 341 reports of heart rhythm abnormalities and these led to 80 deaths. Other reported adverse effects are: headache, diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, constipation. Cisapride for animals has been found helpful in some cases of megaesophagus and is a common treatment for feline megacolon. Clarithromycin, erythromycin, and troleandomycin markedly inhibit the metabolism of cisapride. Concurrent administration of certain anticholinergic compounds, such as belladonna alkaloids and dicyclomine, would be expected to compromise the beneficial effects of cisapride.