Glutathione (GSH, also called as reduced glutathione) is a tripeptide with many roles in cells. It conjugates to drugs to make them more soluble for excretion, is a cofactor for some enzymes such as, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidases, peroxiredoxins. Glutathione S-transferases catalyse the conjugation of GSH via a sulfhydryl group to electrophilic centers on a wide variety of substrates in order to make the compounds more water-soluble. As a part of homeopathic product, glutathione is used for temporary relief of symptoms related to Free Radical Toxicity including tingling in hands and feet, mood changes, frequent colds, poor digestion, fatigue, and constipation. In addition, for temporary relief of pain in the back from urinating, constant urging and frequent urination, kidneys sensitive to pressure, and pain from back extending down the thigh. Glutathione is an important nutrient for brain function and loss of glutathione has been implicated in Parkinson's disease. In phase II of the clinical trial was investigated whether administration of either dose of glutathione, as a nasal spray, improves PD symptoms over time in a population of individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). In addition in phase II of clinical trial was shown, that reduced glutathione, an ingredient of RayGel™, has been helpful in decreasing some radiation therapy side effects to the skin. Reduced glutathione plays a vital role in both making DNA and cell repair. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common inherited disease among the Caucasian population with considerable morbidity and reduced life expectancy. Glutathione (GSH) represents the first-line defence of the lung against oxidative stress-induced cell injury. Therapeutic approaches with inhaled GSH could improve the reduced lung antioxidant capacity in order to counterbalance the oxidant stress linked to the chronic airway inflammation and bacterial infection.

Thiamine Disulfide Nitrate is a vitamin B1 derivative. It is used as a component of vitamin complexes for the treatment of neurological and other disorders

Thiamine disulfide is a vitamin B1 derivative. It is used as a component of vitamin complexes for the treatment of neurological and other disorders associated with disturbance of metabolic functions influenced by B-complex vitamins, including diabetic polyneuropathy, alcoholic peripheral neuritis and post-influenzal neuropathies, for the treatment of neuritis and neuralgia of the spinal nerves, especially facial paresis, cervical syndrome, low back pain, and ischialgia. It has being shown to be a potent inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus (type-1) production, suggesting that thiamine disulfide may be important for AIDS chemotherapy.

Carbon disulfide (CS2) in its pure form is a colourless, volatile and in-flammable liquid with a sweet aromatic odour. The technical product is a yellowish liquid with a disagreeable odour. It has been an important industrial chemical since the 1800s because of its many useful properties, including its ability to solubilise fats, rubbers, phosphorus, sulfur, and other elements. Its fat-solvent properties also make it indispensable in preparing fats, lacquers, and camphor; in refining petroleum jelly and paraffin; and in extracting oil from bones, palmstones, olives, and rags. It was also used in processing India rubber sap from tropical trees. In all these extraction processes, it has now been replaced by other solvents. Carbon disulfide's most important industrial use has been in the manufacture of regenerated cellulose rayon (by the viscose process) and cellophane. Another principal industrial use for carbon disulfide has been as a feedstock for carbon tetrachloride production. It has also been used to protect fresh fruit from insects and fungus during shipping, in adhesives for food packaging, and in the solvent extraction of growth inhibitors. Carbon disulfide has been highly suitable for other industrial applications including the vulcanisation and manufacture of rubber and rubber accessories; the production of resins, xanthates, thiocyanates, plywood adhesives, and flotation agents; solvent and spinning-solution applications, primarily in the manufacture of rayon and polymerisation inhibition of vinyl chloride; conversion and processing of hydrocarbons; petroleum-well cleaning; brightening of precious metals in electroplating; rust removal from metals; and removal and recovery of metals and other elements from waste water and other media. In agriculture, carbon disulfide has been widely used as a fumigant to control insects in stored grain, and to remove botfly larva infestations from the stomachs of horses and ectoparasites from swine. Use of carbon disulfide as a grain fumigant in the USA was voluntarily cancelled after 1985. The primary source of carbon disulfide in the environment is emission from viscose plants, around which environmental pollution is especially great. Carbon disulfide is irritating to the eyes, mucous membranes, and skin. Acute neurological effects may result from all routes of exposure and may include headache, confusion, psychosis, and coma. Acute exposure to extremely high levels of carbon disulfide may result in death. The neurotoxic effects caused by carbon disulfide may be due, in part, to its metabolic conversion to dithiocarbamates. Individuals especially susceptible to the toxic effects of carbon disulfide include those with existing disorders of the nervous system, respiratory system, cardiovascular system, or eyes.

Sulbutiamine (isobutyryl thiamine disulfide) is a lipophilic derivative of thiamine. It is available over-the-counter in several countries either as a component of nutritional supplements or as a pharmaceutical preparation. Arcalion (Sulbutiamine) is prescribed as a treatment to help patients with a range of conditions such as asthenia, chronic fatigue, diabetes, hypothyroidism, renal disease, fibromyalgia, and depression (post partum). It remedies the symptoms of weakness by increasing focus, strength (both physical and mental), and energy, making you more alert, less lethargic, and more upbeat whilst also helping to stabilize sleeping patterns. In addition, this medication can also help a patient`s memory, and strengthen thinking processes. Some patient`s have even reported slight eyesight improvements. This product is also popular with athletes as a nutritional supplement as it is a vitamin compound which will not show up in competitive sports blood testing. It can help to achieve your maximum potential and replenish energy after strenuous activities, making it possible to maintain your edge. The presence of sulbutiamine in urinary doping control samples was monitored to evaluate the relevance of its use in sports. The motivating, confidence enhancing effects of sulbutiamine are thought to be related to its ability to enhance dopamine sensitivity. In animal models sulbutiamine has been shown to increase the number of dopamine binding sites (specifically D1) in the prefrontal cortex, this effect is achieved through reduction of dopamine release. Sulbutiamine could be best thought of as a dopamine modulator rather than a compound that directly inhibits or enhances the release of dopamine. Additionally sulbutiamine has been found to enhance memory, possibly by cholinergic transmission. Research indicates that high affinity choline uptake (HACU) was moderately increased in rodent brains following sulbutiamine consumption. However it should be noted the doses used were high (300 mg/kg).