Details
Stereochemistry | ABSOLUTE |
Molecular Formula | C10H17N3O6S |
Molecular Weight | 307.323 |
Optical Activity | UNSPECIFIED |
Defined Stereocenters | 2 / 2 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)NCC(O)=O)C(O)=O
InChI
InChIKey=RWSXRVCMGQZWBV-WDSKDSINSA-N
InChI=1S/C10H17N3O6S/c11-5(10(18)19)1-2-7(14)13-6(4-20)9(17)12-3-8(15)16/h5-6,20H,1-4,11H2,(H,12,17)(H,13,14)(H,15,16)(H,18,19)/t5-,6-/m0/s1
DescriptionCurator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23036594 |
https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=3ef475c9-7938-4870-b336-fb0c2dafb3cd | https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01450267
Curator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23036594 |
https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=3ef475c9-7938-4870-b336-fb0c2dafb3cd | https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01450267
Glutathione (GSH, also called as reduced glutathione) is a tripeptide with many roles in cells. It conjugates to drugs to make them more soluble for excretion, is a cofactor for some enzymes such as, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidases, peroxiredoxins. Glutathione S-transferases catalyse the conjugation of GSH via a sulfhydryl group to electrophilic centers on a wide variety of substrates in order to make the compounds more water-soluble. As a part of homeopathic product, glutathione is used for temporary relief of symptoms related to Free Radical Toxicity including tingling in hands and feet, mood changes, frequent colds, poor digestion, fatigue, and constipation. In addition, for temporary relief of pain in the back from urinating, constant urging and frequent urination, kidneys sensitive to pressure, and pain from back extending down the thigh. Glutathione is an important nutrient for brain function and loss of glutathione has been implicated in Parkinson's disease. In phase II of the clinical trial was investigated whether administration of either dose of glutathione, as a nasal spray, improves PD symptoms over time in a population of individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). In addition in phase II of clinical trial was shown, that reduced glutathione, an ingredient of RayGel™, has been helpful in decreasing some radiation therapy side effects to the skin. Reduced glutathione plays a vital role in both making DNA and cell repair. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common inherited disease among the Caucasian population with considerable morbidity and reduced life expectancy. Glutathione (GSH) represents the first-line defence of the lung against oxidative stress-induced cell injury. Therapeutic approaches with inhaled GSH could improve the reduced lung antioxidant capacity in order to counterbalance the oxidant stress linked to the chronic airway inflammation and bacterial infection.
CNS Activity
Originator
Approval Year
Targets
Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
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Target ID: Glutathione S-transferases Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4436301 |
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Target ID: P00390 Gene ID: 2936.0 Gene Symbol: GSR Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human) Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23036594 |
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Target ID: Glutathione peroxidases Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23036594 |
Conditions
Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
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Palliative | Unknown Approved UseUnknown |
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Palliative | Unknown Approved UseUnknown |
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Primary | Unknown Approved UseUnknown |
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Palliative | Unknown Approved UseUnknown |
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Primary | Unknown Approved UseUnknown |
PubMed
Title | Date | PubMed |
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Differential role of ethanol and acetaldehyde in the induction of oxidative stress in HEP G2 cells: effect on transcription factors AP-1 and NF-kappaB. | 1999 Dec |
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CD95-Mediated murine hepatic apoptosis requires an intact glutathione status. | 1999 Jul |
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Differential catalytic efficiency of allelic variants of human glutathione S-transferase Pi in catalyzing the glutathione conjugation of thiotepa. | 1999 Jun 1 |
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Determination of tetrahydrothiophene formation as a probe of in vitro busulfan metabolism by human glutathione S-transferase A1-1: use of a highly sensitive gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method. | 1999 Jun 25 |
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Stimulation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase is an early regulatory event for the cadmium-induced apoptosis in human promonocytic cells. | 2000 Apr 14 |
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Synergistic effect of diesel organic extracts and allergen Der p 1 on the release of chemokines by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from allergic subjects: involvement of the map kinase pathway. | 2000 Aug |
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The protective effect of glutathione administration on adriamycin-induced acute cardiac toxicity in rats. | 2000 Aug |
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Apoptosis induced by extracellular glutathione is mediated by H(2)O(2) production and DNA damage. | 2000 Aug 1 |
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Mitochondrial adaptations to obesity-related oxidant stress. | 2000 Jun 15 |
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Ligand-induced changes in the structure and dynamics of a human class Mu glutathione S-transferase. | 2000 Jun 27 |
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Simultaneous inhibition of renal phospholipase A(2) and glutathione synthesis by manoalide and DL-buthionine sulfoximine induces acute tubular dysfunction in rats. | 2000 Mar-Apr |
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A lens glutathione S-transferase, class mu, with thiol-specific antioxidant activity. | 2000 Sep |
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Detection of phosphorylation-dependent interactions by far-western gel overlay. | 2001 |
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Assays for mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) subtypes and MAPK activating protein kinase-2 (MAPKAP K-2) using a common cell lysate. | 2001 |
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The kinetic mechanism of the dual phosphorylation of the ATF2 transcription factor by p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase alpha. Implications for signal/response profiles of MAP kinase pathways. | 2001 Feb 23 |
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High sensitivity of Nrf2 knockout mice to acetaminophen hepatotoxicity associated with decreased expression of ARE-regulated drug metabolizing enzymes and antioxidant genes. | 2001 Jan |
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Effects of phenytoin on glutathione status and oxidative stress biomarker gene mRNA levels in cultured precision human liver slices. | 2001 Jan |
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Dual effects of nitric oxide in functional and regressing rat corpus luteum. | 2001 Jan |
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Dose response of carboplatin-induced hearing loss in rats: antioxidant defense system. | 2001 Jan |
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Overcoming drug resistance in ovarian carcinoma. | 2001 Jan |
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Cellular thiols and reactive oxygen species in drug-induced apoptosis. | 2001 Jan |
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Glutathione in disease. | 2001 Jan |
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The effect of mercury and PCBs on organisms from lower trophic levels of a Georgia salt marsh. | 2001 Jan |
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Homocysteine and thiol metabolites in vitamin B12 deficiency. | 2001 Jan |
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Evidence for the presence of phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase in human platelets: implications for its involvement in the regulatory network of the 12-lipoxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. | 2001 Jan 1 |
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Association with the nuclear matrix and interaction with Groucho and RUNX proteins regulate the transcription repression activity of the basic helix loop helix factor Hes1. | 2001 Jan 12 |
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Reconstitution of pterin-free inducible nitric-oxide synthase. | 2001 Jan 5 |
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Preventive effect of diethyldithiocarbamate on selenite-induced opacity in cultured rat lenses. | 2001 Jan-Feb |
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Characterization of transsulfuration and cysteine biosynthetic pathways in the protozoan hemoflagellate, Trypanosoma cruzi. Isolation and molecular characterization of cystathionine beta-synthase and serine acetyltransferase from Trypanosoma. | 2001 Mar 2 |
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The cytosolic O-acetylserine(thiol)lyase gene is regulated by heavy metals and can function in cadmium tolerance. | 2001 Mar 23 |
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Enhanced multispecificity of arabidopsis vacuolar multidrug resistance-associated protein-type ATP-binding cassette transporter, AtMRP2. | 2001 Mar 23 |
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A conserved docking site in MEKs mediates high-affinity binding to MAP kinases and cooperates with a scaffold protein to enhance signal transmission. | 2001 Mar 30 |
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CyaG, a novel cyanobacterial adenylyl cyclase and a possible ancestor of mammalian guanylyl cyclases. | 2001 Mar 30 |
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A direct inhibitory role for the Rab3-specific effector, Noc2, in Ca2+-regulated exocytosis in neuroendocrine cells. | 2001 Mar 30 |
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Phosphorylation of tau is regulated by PKN. | 2001 Mar 30 |
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Assembly of scaffold-mediated complexes containing Cdc42p, the exchange factor Cdc24p, and the effector Cla4p required for cell cycle-regulated phosphorylation of Cdc24p. | 2001 Mar 9 |
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Hierarchy of merlin and ezrin N- and C-terminal domain interactions in homo- and heterotypic associations and their relationship to binding of scaffolding proteins EBP50 and E3KARP. | 2001 Mar 9 |
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Zinc release from the CH2C6 zinc finger domain of FILAMENTOUS FLOWER protein from Arabidopsis thaliana induces self-assembly. | 2001 Mar 9 |
Patents
Sample Use Guides
For temporary relief of symptoms related to Free Radical Toxicity: 1-10 drops under the tongue, 3 times a day or as directed by a health professional. Consult a physician for use in children under 12 years of age.
pain in the back from urinating: 10 drops orally, 3 times a day. Consult a physician for use in children under 12 years of age.
Breast Cancer: RayGel Topical Cream applied in thin layer to the area exposed to radiation 60-90 minutes prior to radiotherapy, standard skin care between treatments.
Cystic Fibrosis: Inhaled Reduced Glutathione 10 mg/kg, twice daily, 12 months
Route of Administration:
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LOINC |
57005-1
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FDA ORPHAN DRUG |
303410
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91685-8
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1621 (Number of products:627)
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WHO-VATC |
QV03AB32
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FDA ORPHAN DRUG |
77493
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16918-5
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65363-4
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FDA ORPHAN DRUG |
545816
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NCI_THESAURUS |
C275
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FDA ORPHAN DRUG |
311910
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CFR |
21 CFR 862.1365
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FDA ORPHAN DRUG |
519216
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EU-Orphan Drug |
EU/3/06/361
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DSLD |
178 (Number of products:20)
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WHO-ATC |
V03AB32
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LOINC |
2383-8
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1294820
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GAN16C9B8O
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16856
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GLUTATHIONE
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m5781
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200-725-4
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GAN16C9B8O
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D005978
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ACTIVE MOIETY
SALT/SOLVATE (PARENT)