Hopantenic acid (homopantothenic acid) is a central nervous system depressant. Formulated as the calcium salt, it is used as a pharmaceutical drug in the Russian Federation under the brand name Pantogam. In Russia it is widely used to treat a variety of neurological, psychological and psychiatric conditions. The drug has been on the pharmaceutical market since 1979 and has been proven to be safe even for children from 3 years old upwards. Hopantenic acid is a natural forming substance, has some of the lowest side effects and considered to be very safe. Use Pantogam to treat a wide variety of cognitive and nervous system disorders with combined sedative and mild stimulant effect. Hopantenic acid is not approved for use in Europe or the United States. GABA receptor agonist.

Clinofibrate is known as a fibrate therapeutic drug for hyperlipidemia.

Indanazoline, an imidazoline derivative, (E-VA-16, as monohydrochloride active substance of Farial) is a nasal decongestant. As a nasal spray it can be used for the treatment of acute, chronic and allergic rhinitis. It is characterized by a pronounced vasoconstrictive action after local or intravenous application. This is due to a direct action of the compound on alpha-adrenergic receptors. When applied systemically Indanazoline being a peripherally acting alpha-sympathomimetic induces a rise in blood pressure and a reduction of heart rate and exerts antiphlogistic, spasmolytic, hyperglycemic and diuretic actions. When given by the intranasal route the substance influences blood pressure and heart rate only at concentrations considerably higher than those intended for use in therapy. After enteral administration the effective doses also markedly exceed the single therapeutic doses. There was no evidence of side-effects restricting the use of the drug as compared to other imidazoline derivatives.

Indisetron dihydrochloride (N-3389) was approved by Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency of Japan (PMDA) on January 29, 2004. It was co-developed and co-marketed as Sinseron by Kyorin & Yakult Honsha in Japan. Indisetron is a dual serotonin 5-HT3 and 5-HT4 receptor antagonist. It is indicated for the treatment of prophylaxis of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, it’s administered once daily. Indisetron is metabolized in the liver, and CYP1A1, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4 are involved in its metabolism. However, indisetron is unlikely to cause drug interactions at clinical doses because the effective plasma concentrations are lower than those necessary for inhibiting the metabolic enzymes. No drug interaction has been reported. Indisetron antagonizes 5-HT4 receptors, as well as 5-HT3 receptors, and this characteristic is expected to contribute to its clinical efficacy.

Butriptyline is a tricyclic antidepressant used in patients with depression associated with anxiety. The drug is supposed to be withdrawn from the market as the last publication about its clinical use is dated by 1988.

Cinepazet is an ethyl ester of cinepazic acid. It acts by inhibiting the influx of extracellular calcium into cells through the slow calcium channel in the cell membrane. In the 1970s cinepazet was marketed in France and Italy under tradename Vascoril for the treatment of angina.

BISBUTYTIAMINE is a Vitamin B derivative, analgesic. BISBUTYTIAMINE has being shown to be useful for preventing and treating AIDS, because it has the effect of inhibiting the growth of HIV on early infected cells without killing the cells and both of the cytocidal and HIV-killing effects on the cells that have come to produce HIV continuously.

Carbuterol is a beta-adrenergic bronchodilator with selectivity for bronchial smooth muscle relative to cardiac and vascular tissues of several species including man. In vitro studies demonstrated that carbuterol was a direct acting beta-adrenergic agonist, not dependent on endogenous catecholamine release, and was devoid of alpha-adrenergic agonist activity. The activity of the racemate was shown to reside primarily in the l-enantiomer. Carbuterol inhibited immunologically induced release of histamine and slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis from passively sensitized fragmented rhesus monkey lung and also inhibited passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in rats. Acute toxicity studies in mice, rats and guinea pigs indicated a wide safety margin for carbuterol. Carbuterol is a safer and more effective bronchodilator than ephedrine.

Chloroprednisone is a glucocorticoid. The acetated ester prodrug was used as topical anti-inflammatory agent.

Cefpirome is a semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, fourth-generation cephalosporin with antibacterial activity. Cefpirome binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. PBPs are enzymes involved in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall and in reshaping the cell wall during growth and division. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis. Cefpirome is an injectable extended-spectrum or 'fourth generation' cephalosporin. Its antibacterial activity encompasses many of the pathogens involved in hospital-acquired infections such as Enterobacteriaceae, methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci and viridans group streptococci. Cefpirome also has in vitro activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae regardless of penicillin susceptibility. It is stable against most plasmid- and chromosome-mediated beta-lactamases, with the exception of the extended-spectrum plasmid-mediated SHV enzymes. Intravenous cefpirome 2g twice daily has shown clinical efficacy comparable to that of ceftazidime 2g 3 times daily in the treatment of hospitalised patients with moderate to severe infections. Clinical response and bacteriological eradication rates were similar in patients with severe pneumonia or septicaemia treated with either cefpirome or ceftazidime. Cefpirome appeared more effective than ceftazidime in the eradication of bacteria in patients with febrile neutropenia in 1 study; however, clinical response rates were similar in the 2 treatment groups. The tolerability of cefpirome appears similar to that of ceftazidime and other third generation cephalosporins, diarrhoea being the most frequently observed event. Thus, cefpirome is likely to be a valuable extended-spectrum agent for the treatment of severe infections. Cefpirome offers improved coverage against some Gram-positive pathogens and Enterobacteriaceae producing class I beta-lactamases compared with the third generation cephalosporins, although this has yet to be demonstrated in clinical trials.