Bucetin [(3-hydroxy-p-butyrophenetidide) CAS: 1083-57-4) is a homologue to phenacetin and is used instead of phenacetin as an analgesic drug because of its lower toxicity than that of phenacetin, despite having equivalent analgesic activity when used at an appropriate dose. Dysplastic lesions of the proximal tubules were frequently seen in the males given bucetin in a dose-related fashion.

Ethyl loflazepate (Lof) has been used widely as a sedative and anxiolytic agent for nearly 20 years. Ethyl loflazepate was designed to be a prodrug for descarboxyloflazepate, its active metabolite. It is the active metabolite which is responsible for most of the pharmacological effects rather than ethyl loflazepate. The main metabolites of ethyl loflazepate are descarbethoxyloflazepate, loflazepate and 3-ydroxydescarbethoxyloflazepate which are the benzodiazepine receptor agonists. Ethyl loflazeplate is commercialized in Mexico, under the trade name Victan. It is officially approved for the following conditions Anxiety: Post-trauma anxiety; Anxiety associated with severe neuropathic pain; Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD); Panic attack; Delirium tremens. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. Accumulation of the active metabolites of ethyl loflazepate are not affected by those with renal failure or impairment. The symptoms of an overdose of ethyl loflazepate include sleepiness, agitation and ataxia. Hypotonia may also occur in severe cases. These symptoms occur much more frequently and severely in children. High doses of the antidepressant fluvoxamine may potentiate the adverse effects of ethyl loflazepate.

Etizolam is an analogue of benzodiazepine that contains thienotriazolodiazepine group. The drug was developed and approved in Japan and now is used in Japan, Italy and India for the treatment of anxiety disorders. Etizolam exerts its action through activation of GABA A receptors, moreover, the agonistic behavior was shown on isolated neurons. There are several cases when etizolam dependence was reported. In many countries the drug is recognized as a psychoactive substance and its distribution is illegal there.

Pheneturide ((brand names Benuride, Deturid, Pheneturid, Septotence, Trinuride), a decarboxylation product of phenobarbital, has been shown to be an effective drug against seizures, and in particular psychomotor seizures. It has being marketed in Europe, including in Poland, Spain, and the United Kingdom. Pheneturide is supplied in compressed tablets each containing 200 mg. of the drug. It can also be obtained in compound tablets (" trinuride ') each of which contain 200 mg. of pheneturide, 40 mg. of diphenylhydantoin, and 15 mg. of phenobarbitone. Animal experiments have shown that pheneturide protects against drug-induced and electrically induced convulsions.

Fipexide (aka attentil and vigilor) is a psychoactive drug of the piperazine class which was developed in Italy in 1983. It was used in Italy and France for the treatment of senile dementia but is no longer in common use due to undesirable side effects including fever and hepatitis.

Fluanisone, a butyrophenone derivative, is a neuroleptic agent, which was used in the treatment of schizophrenia and mania. Veterinary formulation fentanyl/fluanisone (Hypnorm) is used for rodent analgesia during short surgical procedures. Hypnorm is a combination often used as a neuroleptanalgesic and anaesthetic. Fentanyl-fluanisone has stimulating effects on the amount of spike-wave discharges, but not in a dose-dependent manner. A low dose of 0.01 mg/kg fentanyl with 0.5 mg/kg fluanisone causes a large increase in epileptic activity. This effect is larger than with a middle dose of 0.1 mg/kg fentanyl and 5 mg/kg fluanisone and much larger than with a high dose of 0.2 mg/kg fentanyl with 10 mg/kg fluanisone. The last two doses cause a prolonged anaesthetic state in rats. Fluanisone alone in the same doses as in the mixture induces a large dose-dependent increase in spike-wave activity, with only a small effect on spike frequency. This might be caused by the antagonistic action of this drug at dopamine receptors.

Amineptine is a selective inhibitor of dopamine reuptake. The drug was developed in France and was marketed for the treatment of depressive disorders under the name Survector among the others. Amineptine was withdrawn from the French market in 1999 because of abuse and drug dependence and because of its hepatic (cholestatic injuries) and cutaneous (acne) adverse effects.

Imidazole salicylate (also known as ITF-182), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that inhibits Tromboxane A2 synthesis, without interfering with cyclo-oxygenase pathway and possesses the limited inhibitory effects on prostaglandin synthesis. Imidazole salicylate can be used for the treatment of osteoarthrosis and musculoskeletal trauma. In addition, it can be given to patients with decompensated cirrhosis without risk of inhibiting kidney prostaglandin synthesis. Imidazole salicylate was characterized by good gastric tolerability and could be assigned for treatment of rheumatic diseases in the elderly. The drug also can be safely used in aspirin-sensitive patients.

Fludiazepam is a potent benzodiazepine and 2ʹ-fluoro derivative of diazepam,[3] originally developed by Hoffman-La Roche in the 1960s. Fludiazepam is marketed in Japan and Taiwan under the brand name Erispan. Fludiazepam exerts its pharmacological properties via enhancement of GABAergic inhibition. Fludiazepam has 4 times more binding affinity for benzodiazepine receptors than diazepam. Fludiazepam possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative, hypnotic and skeletal muscle relaxant properties.

Moperone is a first-generation (typical) antipsychotic drug that belongs to the butyrophenone type approved in Japan for the treatment of schizophrenia. It has higher antagonist affinity for D2- than 5-HT2A-receptors. It also has high binding affinity for sigma receptors. It was indicated for schizophrenia, paranoid state, psychoses, epilepsy,alcohol withdrawal syndrome. It can induce extrapyramidal motor side effects, insomnia, and thirst, but it displays generally low toxicity.