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Restrict the search for
acetylcholine
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Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
Epithanate G by Nippon Steel
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Conditions:
Pipethanate ethobromide is an antimuscarinic with actions similar to those of atropine. It has been used in the symptomatic treatment of visceral spasms in oral doses of up to 160 mg daily in divided doses. Pipethanate ethobromide has also been given intramuscularly or intravenously in doses of 10 to 20 mg daily and rectally in doses of 60 or 120 mg daily.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (RACEMIC)
Conditions:
Coniine is a toxic alkaloid contained in the seeds and leaves of Conium maculatum which is a well-known poisonous plant since ancient times. Coniine is a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist. In vivo coniine causes a biphasic response of first stimulation followed by blockade of nicotinic receptors in the
central nervous system and periphery. Clinical signs of poisoning include protrusion of the nictitating membrane, excessive salivation, and frequent urination and defecation, loss
of coordination, muscle weakness, and tremors followed by collapse and death due to respiratory failure. Coniine is a documented teratogen in many domestic species.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
CERVOXAN
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (RACEMIC)
Targets:
Conditions:
Vinburnine is a nutritional product, a peripheral vasodilator with cerebral activities that also act as a cerebral metabolic stimulant and appears to be able to relax the smooth muscle cells within the walls of blood vessels. (+/-)-Eburnamonine is the racemate of the alkaloid Vinburnine. Dextrorotatory, levorotatory, and racemic forms of eburnamonine exist in nature. The (-)-form, also known as vincamone (isolated from Vinca minor), is a drug that possesses a stimulating activity for muscle and is used as cerebrotonic, whereas both enantiomers have hypotensive effects.
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Methyllycaconitine is a diterpenoid alkaloid found in many species of Delphinium (larkspurs). Methyllycaconitine is a potent antagonist for α7-containing neuronal nicotinic receptors. Methyllycaconitine (as mellictin) is used in some countries as a myorelaxant for treatment of pyramidal and extrapyramidal motoric disorders, such as pyramidal insufficiency, Parkinson disease, meningocephalitis and other disorders.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
Fenistil by Radler, S.|Blaschke, G.
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Targets:
Dimethindene (+)- is one of Dimethindene enantiomer that is a subtype-selective M2 muscarinic receptor antagonist. Dimetindene (trade name Fenistil; other name dimethindene maleate) is a potent antipruritic antihistamine, characterized by the small size of its effective dose and its rapidity of action. Dimetindene is an antihistamine/anticholinergic that is a selective H1 antagonist. Its effect sets in after 20 to 60 minutes and lasts several hours. Dimetindene drops as well as Dimetindene syrup is particularly indicated in pediatric practice. Dimetindene is indicated as symptomatic treatment of allergic reactions: urticaria, allergies of the upper respiratory tract such as hay fever and perennial rhinitis, food, and drug allergies; pruritus of various origins, except pruritus due to cholestasis; insect bites. Dimetindene is also indicated for pruritus in eruptive skin diseases such as chickenpox. Dimetindene can be as an adjuvant in eczema and other pruriginous dermatoses of allergic origin.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
NCT04270487: Phase 4 Interventional Completed Irritable Bowel Syndrome
(2018)
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Targets:
Conditions:
Otilonium is a musculotropic spasmolytic agent belonging to the family of quaternary ammonium derivatives and successfully used in the treatment of patients affected by Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) due to its specific pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. The positive polarity of the head of the Otilonium molecule determines the main pharmacokinetic property of this drug: a minimal systemic absorption and the consequently high safety profile. Studies on animal models revealed a specific Otilonium accumulation in colonic circular muscle at therapeutic µm concentrations, while its plasma levels were 1000 times lower, together with a poor penetration of the drug in the central nervous system. Consistently, after oral administration to healthy volunteers, the Otilonium plasmatic concentration was very low, less than 1% of the drug was eliminated by urine, and 97% was eliminated by feces. Recent clinical studies showed comparable safety and tolerability for Otilonium and placebo. Otilonium was shown to inhibit the main patterns of human sigmoid motility in vitro, including: the tone of smooth muscle cells (SMCs); the rhythmic phasic contractions induced by the interstitial cells of Cajal; and the strong contractions induced by stimulation of enteric motor neurons mainly by blocking the calcium influx through L-type calcium channels on SMCs. Recent in vitro studies using cultured human colonic SMCs to further assess the musculotropic spasmolytic properties of Otilonium confirmed that this drug causes smooth muscle relaxation through the inhibition of voltage-gated calcium channels (L-type > T-type) and the inhibition of muscarinic and tachykinergic effects.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (MIXED)
Conditions:
Oxapium iodide (ciclonium or cyclonium, trade name Oxaperan, Esperan) is an antispasmodic indicated for the treatment of gastritis, gastroduodenal ulcer, enteritis, and other conditions. It is marketed in South Korea by Dongsung Pharmaceuticals and by Taisho Toyama Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. in Japan. Oxapium is a muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist. It has two separate pharmacological effects: (1) a potent atropine-like action, (2) a papaverine-like action.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (RACEMIC)
Targets:
Conditions:
Tiquizium is an antispasmodic agent used to treat disorders of the
gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary systems. Tiquizium is available commercially in Japan for the treatment of gastrointestinal disease. Tiquizium shows anti-muscarinic action to improve convulsion and hypermobility of intestinal smooth muscle.
It is usually used to treat convulsion and hypermobility in gastritis, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, enteritis, irritable bowel syndrome, gallbladder disease, biliary tract disease and urolithiasis.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Targets:
Conditions:
Alcuronium (diallylnortoxiferine) is a semi-synthetic substance prepared from C-toxiferine I a bis-quaternary alkaloid obtained from Strychnos toxifera. Alcuronium is a neuromuscular blocking (NMB) agent, alternatively referred to as a skeletal muscle relaxant. Alcuronium is used for endotracheal intubation and to produce muscle relaxation in general anesthesia during surgical procedures. The pharmacological action of alcuronium is readily reversed by neostigmine, and it produced little histamine release. The major disadvantage of alcuronium is that it elicits a vagolytic effect produced by a selective atropine-like blockade of cardiac muscarinic receptors.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (RACEMIC)
Emepronium bromide (Cetiprina) is a quarternary ammonium compound with anticholinergic effects. It is mainly used in the treatment of urinary frequency, urge and urge incontinence and is usually administered orally and occasionally intramuscularly. Emepronium bromide was introduced into Britain, after having been used in Sweden for a number of years. The drug was advocated especially for elderly patients suffering from nocturia and urgency with incontinence, when these were due to causes other than obstruction. It was also advocated for enuresis and hypertonic bladder states following surgery or radiotherapy.
![Structure of 1-Ethyl-1-[2-(hydroxydiphenylacetoxy)ethyl]piperidinium](/img/7d57d225-1970-4e39-817a-dca3d3abdf6d.svg?size=200&context=xyvucnjpkc)
