U.S. Department of Health & Human Services Divider Arrow National Institutes of Health Divider Arrow NCATS

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Showing 2281 - 2290 of 3524 results

Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
Mercury U.S.P.
(1921)
Source URL:
First marketed in 1921

Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)

Mercury, with the chemical symbol Hg (from Greek "Hydrargyros"), is the only metal adopting liquid form in room temperature. Mercury appears in seven natural isotopic forms. The metal is extracted from the mineral cinnabar, mercuric sulfide, in former times used also for paint. Mercury has fascinated people for millennia, as a heavy liquid metal. However, because of its toxicity, many uses of mercury are being phased out or are under review. It is now mainly used in the chemical industry as catalysts. It is also used in some electrical switches and rectifiers. Previously its major use was in the manufacture of sodium hydroxide and chlorine by electrolysis of brine. These plants will all be phased out by 2020. Elemental mercury is used in thermometers, blood pressure devices, and thermostats because its ability to expand and contract uniformly makes it useful for measuring changes in temperature and pressure. Mercury is also used in dental fillings, paints, soaps, batteries, and fluorescent lighting. Mercury will dissolve numerous metals to form amalgams and is used to extract gold dust from rocks by dissolving the gold and then boiling off the mercury. The amalgam used in dental fillings contains tin and silver alloyed with mercury. Because it works as a biocide, mercury has been used as a fungicide in paint, though this kind of paint is no longer sold. Mercury and its compounds used in dental practice may be responsible for release of mercury into the oral cavity. Compounds of mercury tend to be much more toxic than the element itself, and organic compounds of mercury (e.g., dimethyl-mercury) are often extremely toxic and may be responsible in causing brain and liver damage. Human exposure to mercury has increased through anthropogenic mercury emissions from fuel combustion, municipal incinerators, and chemical industries. Mercury is considered a major environmental toxicant throughout the world. Mercury is harmless in insoluble form, but vapor or soluble forms such as inorganic mercury or methylmercury can be extremely toxic to humans. Most human mercury exposure occurs through inhalation of elemental mercury vapor released from dental amalgam and through the consumption of fish contaminated with methylmercury.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
DL-alpha tocopheryl acetate
(1921)
Source URL:
First marketed in 1921
Source:
DL-alpha tocopheryl acetate
Source URL:

Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (MIXED)



dl-α-tocopheryl phosphate has a growth acceleration effect on domestic fowl. Also was confirmed, that in all investigated animals dl-α-tocopheryl phosphate has an ability to being converted into vitamin E.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
THEOMINAL RS THEOBROMINE by WINTHROP
(1961)
Source URL:
First marketed in 1921
Source:
Theobromine Sodio-Salicylate U.S.P.
Source URL:

Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)



Theobromine is the primary alkaloid present in the cocoa and chocolate. Theobromine is found in the shells and beans of the cacao plant and it is extracted from the husks of the bean and used for the synthesis of caffeine. Theobromine is an adenosine A1 and A2a receptor antagonist. Thesodate is used as a vasodilator, a diuretic, and heart stimulant. And similar to caffeine, it may be useful in management of fatigue and orthostatic hypotension. The symptomatic adverse reactions produced by theobromine are more or less tolerable and if they become severe, they can be treated symptomatically, these include anxiety, restlessness, tremors, sleeplessness, nausea and vomiting, loss of appetite. Theobromine is currently not in use as a medicinal drug.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
Solution of Ferric Acetate N.F.
(1921)
Source URL:
First marketed in 1921
Source:
Solution of Ferric Acetate N.F.
Source URL:

Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)

Conditions:

Ferric acetate is the coordination compound more commonly known as "basic iron acetate". Used in the textile industry as a mordant in dyeing and printing, and for the weighting of silk and felt; as wood preservative; in leather dyes. Ferric acetate method is directly applicable to tissue cholesterol analysis (method of Parekh and Jung).
Phenylmercuric ammonium acetate is a fungicide and bactericide. It is used for the seed treatment.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
21 CFR 310.502(a) certain drugs zirconium
Source URL:

Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)

Zirconium is a hard, silvery metal that is very resistant to corrosion. Zirconium orthopedic hip replacements have shown superior wear-resistance over other systems; however, risk of catastrophic fracture remains a concern. In dentistry, zirconium has been widely adopted for endosseous implants, implant abutments, and all-ceramic crowns. Because of an increasing demand for esthetically pleasing dental restorations, zirconia-based ceramic restorations have become one of the dominant restorative choices.
Status:
US Previously Marketed

Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)

Cobalt is a lustrous, silvery-blue magnetic metal. Cobalt is a bioessential element due to its location at the centre of vitamin B12. Vitamin B12 plays a number of vital roles in the physiology of the human body. Cobalt is also important in treatments of radiotherapy in the form of the isotope 60Co. Other medical uses of cobalt include the detection of tumours and metastases, sterilisation of surgical equipment and the imaging of damage to the brain. Cobalt is also used in the prosthetic alloys sector, being utilised in hip, knee and dental replacements. There are inorganic cobalt complexes that elicit biological effects with potential use as pharmaceutical agents. Three classes of cobalt complexes are present: 1) complexes that directly act on biomolecules through ligand exchange, 2) complexes that modify the activity of ligated drugs and 3) complexes that are activated by bioreduction to either (I) yield a cobalt effector species or (II) release a small molecule drug. Cobalt can cause a distinctive, rapidly progressive and reversible depression of cardiac systolic function, which is readily distinguished from other causes of cardiomyopathy.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US

Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)

Zuretinol (QLT091001, 9-cis-retinol) is a retinoid. Retinoids (vitamin A and its analogs) are essential dietary substances that are needed by mammals for reproduction, normal embryogenesis, growth, vision, and maintaining normal cellular differentiation and the integrity of the immune system. Within cells, retinoids regulate gene transcription acting through ligand-dependent transcription factors, the retinoic acid receptors (RARs), and the retinoid X receptors (RXRs). All-trans-retinoic acid binds only to RARs with high affinity, whereas its 9-cis isomer binds with high affinity to both RARs and RXRs. The actions of all-trans- and 9-cis-retinoic acid in regulating cellular responses are distinct and not interchangeable. Zuretinol is a retinal derivative for treatment of visual disorders. It is a synthetic retinoid replacement for 11-cis-retinal. It is an investigational product under development for the treatment of retinal diseases caused by gene mutations that interfere with the availability of 11-cis-retinal. The therapeutic strategy with Zuretinol is to facilitate recovery or restoration of visual function by acting as a replacement for missing 11-cis-retinal and restoring a key biochemical component of the visual (retinoid) cycle. Novelion Therapeutics is currently developing QLT091001 for the treatment of Inherited Retinal Disease caused by retinal pigment epithelium protein 65 (“RPE65”) and lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (“LRAT”) gene mutations, which include Leber Congenital Amaurosis (“LCA”) and Retinitis Pigmentosa (“RP”). QLT091001 has received orphan drug designations for the treatment of LCA (due to inherited mutations in the LRAT and RPE65 genes) and RP (all mutations) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”), and for the treatment of LCA and RP (all mutations) by the European Medicines Agency (the “EMA”).

Showing 2281 - 2290 of 3524 results