Dexetozoline is a safe and effective diuretic agent in the treatment of acute cardiac failure. In isolated rings of guinea-pig aorta not responding to acetylcholine, the diuretic dexetozoline did not influence basal vascular tone but inhibited noradrenaline- and histamine-induced contractions. Dexetozoline has a very high bioavailability after oral administration and is fairly lipohilic. The half-life of etozolin is 2.5 h. Dexetozoline accumulates in cirrhosis.

Danegaptide (GAP-134) is a small dipeptide gap junction modifier, developed by Wyeth and Zealand Pharma. Danegaptide works by re-establishing of gap junction intercellular communications in adjacent cardiomyocytes, thus reversing cardiac conduction slowing and electrical heterogeneity thought to be responsible for arrhythmias. In a canine model of acute sterile pericarditis, Danegaptide significantly reduced AF duration and overall AF burden. Danegaptide was investigated in phase 2 clinical trial in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). It was found that administrations danegaptide to patients with STEMI did not improve myocardial salvage, and development of the drug was discontinued.

Nitricholine is a cholinergic agent.

Ecipramidil is a peripheral and cerebral vasodilator.

Sonedenoson (MRE0094) is a topical adenosine A2A-receptor agonist which was under clinical development for the treatment of for diabetic foot ulcer. The compound was originally developed by New York University, and licensed to Medco Research (King Pharmaceuticals). King Pharmaceuticals was acquired by Pfizer in 2010. Sonedenoson has been in phase II clinical trials for the treatment of chronic diabetic neuropathic foot ulcers. However, this research has been discontinued.

Ciheptolane is spirodibenzocycloalkanedioxalane derivative with analgesic, sedative, antihistaminic, antiserotonic, antiinflammatory, anticonvulsant, and antidepressant activity.

Mecinarone is a benzofuranic chalcone. It exerts vasodilating activity. Mecinarone has also antibradykinin, antiserotonin and antiaggregation properties. Mecinarone induces an increase of melanin content of pigmented skin and mucosae.

Sabiporide was developed as a specific Na(+)/H(+) exchanger (NHE1) inhibitor. Sabiporide possessed a cardioprotective effect that was shown in a preclinical model of myocardial infarction in the rat. In addition, experiments on rodents have revealed that the administration of sabiporide improved cardiovascular function and attenuates organ injury from severe sepsis. However, the development of this drug appears to be discontinued.