Rimeporide (EMD-87580) is an Na/H-exchanger-1 (NHE-1) inhibitor and was initially developed for heart failure. This compound reduces the development of both necrosis and hypertrophy, and it was shown to prevent early death in hereditary cardiomyopathy. Rimeporide regulates sodium, pH, calcium overload, reduces inflammation in several muscles, and decreases skeletal, diaphragm and cardiac fibrosis, and muscle cell degeneration. It was therefore further developed as a drug for treatment in Duchenne muscular dystrophy and other muscular dystrophies. Rimeporide is expected to act as a muscle-sparing agent. A phase I study has been completed in 2018.

Levosemotiadil is an S-enantiomer of semotiadil. It is an antiarrhythmic drug with sodium and calcium channel blocking action, as well as potassium blocking activity. Levosemotiadil is bound strongly and enantioselectively to human serum albumin and human alpha1-acid glycoprotein. Since levosemotiadil is hydrophobic basic drug, it is likely that this drug is also bound to lipoprotein in human plasma. Levosemotiadil might be effective in prevention of lethal arrhythmias. It was shown, that levosemotiadil prevented ventricular fibrillation in 64% of the high-risk animals. Heart rate responses to myocardial ischemia and to graded doses of isoproterenol were blunted by the high dose of levosemotiadil. Levosemotiadil had been in phase II clinical trials by Santen Pharmaceutical for the treatment of arrhythmias. However, this study was discontinued.

Pretiadil is a thiadiazepine dioxide derivative patented by American pharmaceutical company Bristol-Myers Co. as a coronary vasodilating compound.

Mefenidil has been reported to be a selective cerebral vasodilator. It significantly increased cerebral blood flow (without stimulation of O2 uptake) and lowered cerebral vascular resistance without having significant effects in other circulatory regions. Increase in cerebral blood flow is not mediated via the beta-adrenergic receptor as the effect was not blocked by propranolol. However, the clinical usefulness of mefenidil as a cerebral vasodilator may be limited by the accompanying arterial hypotension due to systemic vasodilation, which was most prominent in heart and gut.

Ramnodigin is a cardenolide derivative patented by Farbwerke Hoechst A.-G. as cardiotonic, diuretic, and antidiarrheic compound. In in vitro studies, Ramnodigin shows cytotoxicity against nonsmall cell human lung cancer cells.

Cinecromen is benzopyranone derivative useful as coronary dilators. Cinecromen increases dog coronary blood flow two times after i.v. administration.

Alprafenone [AH 141], a phenylpropanone derivative, is presently classified as a class Ic antiarrhythmic agent, it is a sodium channel antagonist. Alprafenone's range of actions is consistent with that of other effective antiarrhythmic drugs and is very similar to that of propafenone. Alprafenone was under preclinical development with Helopharm (Germany), but later this development was discontinued.

Ciclosidomine is morpholine derivative and nitric oxide donors developed for vascular diseases treatment.