Biguanide has been investigated for the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus. The term "biguanidine" often refers specifically to a class of drugs that have a broad range of medical indications. Besides recent experiments have shown that biguanide could be a modifiable pharmacophore for the synthesis of therapeutic cysteinyl cathepsins inhibitors with a wide range of potencies and specificities. It is known that excessive activities of cysteinyl cathepsins contribute to the progress of many diseases.

Lanatoside C (or isolanid) is a cardiac glycoside, a type of drug that can be used in the treatment of heart disease. Digitalis lanata is a significant medicinal plant as a source of this compound. Lanatoside C is marketed in a number of countries and it’s also available in generic form. It can be transformed into digoxin by deglucolysation.

Salvianolic acid B is a bioactive molecule isolated from Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae. The compound shows high antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities. It is a major component of the commercial Fufang Danshen products (Compound Danshen Dripping Pill, the Danshen Pian, and the Danshen Injection, ICP), used for the treatment of angina pectoris, and other heart diseases.

Tulathromycin A is a triamilide antibiotic. Exists as an equilibrium mixture of two isomeric forms, Tulathromycin A (90%) and B (10%). It acts by binding to a bacterial ribosome sub-unit thereby inhibiting protein synthesis. Tulathromycin mixture is indicated for the treatment of bovine and swine respiratory disease, infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis, bovine foot rot (interdigital necrobacillosis). In one bovine respiratory disease field study, two calves treated with DRAXXIN (Tulathromycin mixture) exhibited transient hypersalivation. In one field study, one out of 40 pigs treated with DRAXXIN exhibited mild salivation that resolved in less than four hours. Cross resistance occurs with other macrolides. Do not administer simultaneously with antimicrobials with a similar mode of action such as other macrolides or lincosamides.

Colistimethate is a methanesulfonate of polymyxin antibacterial colistin. Colistimethate is a nonactive prodrug. In aqueous solutions, colistimethate is hydrolyzed and forms a complex mixture of partially sulfomethylated derivatives and colistin. The antimicrobial activity of colistin is similar to that of polymyxin B and is restricted to gram-negative bacteria, including P aeruginosa, Acinetobacter species, Enterobacter-Klebsiella tribe, Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Shigella species, Citrobacter species, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Morganella morganii and Haemophilus influenzae. Colistin has also been shown to possess considerable in vitro activity against Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Colistin and polymyxin B, however, do not have activity against Proteus, Providencia, Serratia species, Pseudomonas mallei, Burkholderia cepacia, Brucella species, most gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative cocci, anaerobes, fungi and parasites. Parenteral or nebulized colistimethate is indicated for the treatment of acute or chronic infections due to sensitive strains of certain gram-negative bacilli. It is particularly indicated when the infection is caused by sensitive strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Neomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic found in many topical medications such as creams, ointments, and eye drops. In vitro tests have demonstrated that neomycin is bactericidal and acts by inhibiting the synthesis of protein in susceptible bacterial cells. It is effective primarily against gram-negative bacilli but does have some activity against gram-positive organisms. Neomycin is active in vitro against Escherichia coli and the Klebsiella-Entero. Topical uses include treatment for superficial eye infections caused by susceptible bacteria (used in combination with other anti-infective), treatment of otitis externa caused by susceptible bacteria, treatment or prevention of bacterial infections in skin lesions, and use as a continuous short-term irrigant or rinse to prevent bacteriuria and gram negative rod bacteremia in bacteriuria patients with indwelling catheters. May be used orally to treat hepatic encephalopathy, as a perioperative prophylactic agent, and as an adjunct to fluid and electrolyte replacement in the treatment of diarrhea caused to enter pathogenic E. coli (EPEC). Neomycin sulfate has been shown to be effective adjunctive therapy in hepatic coma by reduction of the ammonia forming bacteria in the intestinal tract. The subsequent reduction in blood ammonia has resulted in neurologic improvement. To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of Neomycin Sulfate Oral Solution and other antibacterial drugs, susceptible bacteria should use Neomycin Sulfate Oral Solution only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused. When culture and susceptibility information are available, they should be considered in selecting or modifying antibacterial therapy. In the absence of such data, local epidemiology and susceptibility patterns may contribute to the empiric selection of therapy. Neomycin binds to four nucleotides of 16S rRNA and a single amino acid of protein S12. This interferes with decoding site near nucleotide 1400 in 16S rRNA of 30S subunit. This region interacts with the wobble base in the anticodon of tRNA. This leads to interference with the initiation complex, misreading of mRNA so incorrect amino acids are inserted into the polypeptide leading to nonfunctional or toxic peptides and the breakup of polysomes into nonfunctional monosomes

Polymyxin B is a lipopeptide antibiotic isolated from Bacillus polymyxa. Its basic structure consists of a polycationic peptide ring and a tripeptide side chain with a fatty acid tail. Polymyxin B is a mixture of at least four closely related components, polymyxin B1 to B4, with polymyxin B1 and B2 being the two major components. Polymyxin B acts on Gram-negative bacteria by interacting with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of the outer membrane and destabilizing it. Polymyxin B is indicated for the treatment of many bacterial diseases such as meningeal infections, urinary tract infections and bacteremia.

Bacitracin is a polypeptide antibiotic produced by Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis. Bacitracin in combination with neomycin and polymyxin B is indicated for the treatment of many bacterial diseases. The antibacterial properties of bacitracin are mediated by its binding to C55-isoprenyl pyrophosphate, resulting in inhibition of cell wall biosynthesis.