Doconexent (Docosahexaenoic acid, DHA) is an omega-3 fatty acid that is a primary structural component of the human brain, cerebral cortex, skin, and retina. DHA is widely used as a food supplement, and is beleived to support healthy brain development in young childred, prevent cardiovascular disease and cognitive decline during Alzheimer's disease. Most of these claims, however, were not supported by clinical trials. DHA spray is used as a tanner.

Carnosine is a dipeptide composed of the amino acids beta-histidine and l-alanine. It is widely present in muscle and brain tissues. It possesses strong and specific antioxidant properties, protects against radiation damage, and promotes wound healing. The antioxidant mechanism of carnosine is attributed to its chelating effect against metal ions, superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity, ROS and free radicals scavenging ability. In addition, was shown, that carnosine significantly protects against TCA-induced liver carcinogenesis in rats, through its antioxidant, antinutritive, and anti-inflammatory effects, and induction of apoptosis. It also may be a therapeutic agent against Parkinson's disease. Experiments on animal have shown the sepsis healing therapeutic potential of carnosine.

Creatine is an amino acid that occurs in vertebrate tissues and in urine. It is synthesized mainly in the liver from three different amino acids: arginine, glycine, and methionine. In skeletal muscles, which store 95% of it, creatine generally occurs as phosphocreatine. The rest is stored in the brain, heart, and testes. Creatine functions as part of the cell's energy shuttle. It is excreted as creatinine in the urine.

Zinc Pidolate (Zinc PCA) is a topical skin product with purifying, astingent, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic activity. It has long been used as a cosmetic ingredient, because of its astringent and anti-microbial properties. Zinc Pidolate has also being shown to be effective against halitosis. Zinc PCA prevents the UV-induced MMP-1 production in vitro by suppressing the activation of AP-1. Zinc PCA was also able to enhance type I collagen synthesis in NHDFs, by increasing the expression of the mRNA encoding the ascorbic acid transporter SVCT2 in non-UV irradiated NHDFs, which suggests its promising effect against not only photoaged skin but also for the simple atrophic change of intrinsic skin ageing. Zinc PCA is able to suppress sebum secretion by inhibiting 5-α reductase in hyperseborrhea, to suppress body odor by forming zinc salts with short-chain fatty acids, to suppress wrinkles by inhibiting AP-1 to and inhibit bacterial growth including acne related Propionibacterium acnes.

Creatinine is a product of metabolism of creatine phosphate, a molecule that serves as a rapidly mobilizable reserve of a brain and skeletal muscle. Creatinine is excreted by kidneys with little or no reabsorption. Serum creatinine is the most commonly used indicator of renal function.

HYDROXYPROLINE, a hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline, is a major component of the protein collagen. For this reason, HYDROXYPROLINE content in biological fluids is used as a parameter of collagen catabolism, especially bone resorption or tissue degradation. A deficiency in ascorbic acid can result in impaired HYDROXYPROLINE formation.

Galactose, a monosaccharide sugar, is a key source of energy and is an important compound for early human development. Galactose is present in dairy products, the pectin of some fruits, vegetables, and some herbs. Children get most of their dietary galactose from milk. D-galactose is freely available in health food stores and is promoted for stimulating the immune system and improving gut motility in healthy individuals. Galactose as a part of food supplement participates in phase II of clinical trials for congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) patients. CDG is a group of more than 130 inborn errors of metabolism affecting N-linked, O-linked protein and lipid-linked glycosylation. In addition, monosaccharide is used in clinical trials phase I in patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), where the galactose lowers the level of a circulating factors that increase glomerular permeability to albumin in patients with resistant FSGS.

Sarcosine, also known as N-methylglycine, is a metabolite of glycine. It shares properties with both glycine and D-serine, though its effects are weaker. Sarcosine supplementation can be used to alleviate symptoms of depression and schizophrenia, or improve cognition. It is absorbed more reliably by the body than D-serine, which can also treat similar conditions. Sarcosine is being investigated for its connection to prostate cancer. It may be a biomarker for prostate cancer, which means that if sarcosine levels in the blood are higher than normal, it could be an indicator of prostate cancer. This doesn’t mean that sarcosine itself causes cancer. More research is needed to confirm this relationship. Sarcosine’s main mechanism involves inhibiting a transporter, called GlyT1, which takes up glycine and D-serine into cells. This increases the levels of glycine and D-serine in the body and increases their effects. Sarcosine, a glycine transporter type 1 inhibitor and an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor co-agonist at the glycine binding site, potentiates NMDA receptor function. Sarcosine is an inhibitory glycine receptor agonist.