18F-FET (18F-Fluoroethyl-L-tyrosine) is a radiolabelled amino acid. It penetrates the blood-brain barrier by a specific amino acid transport system. In the brain, it is taken up into upregulated tumoral cells but not incorporated into proteins. It is used as a biomarker for positron emission tomography for imaging brain tumors, where it has higher specificity than 18F-FDG.

Thallium TL-201 is a radioactive isotope of thallium with a half-life of 73 hours. As a chloride salt, it is used in myocardial perfusion imaging for diagnosis and localization of myocardial infarction. In conjunction with exercise stress testing, thallium TL-201 injection is used in the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease. However, technetium-99m sestamibi and Tc-99m tetrafosmin have supplanted thallium-201 chloride as the most commonly used single-photon myocardial imaging agents, because of their superior image quality and the lower effective radiation dose to the patient.

Obidoxime is an antidote for organophosphorous nerve agent poisoning including chlorosarin, cyclosarin (GF), R-33 (VR), R-VX, sarin (GB), tabun (GA), VX, chlorosoman, soman (GD), and organophosphorous pesticides. It acts as an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) reactivator. In combination with atropine obidoxime can be used to treat super toxic organophosphate poisoning by relieving the symptoms of skeletal neuromuscular blocking that occurs during a cholinergic crisis.

4-dimethylaminophenol (or DMAP) is an effective intramuscular antidote for acute cyanide poisoning that works as a methemoglobin former.

IOLOPRIDE I-123 (also known as I-123 iodobenzamide), a radioactive drug that can be seen by Single-photon emission computed tomography. This drug binds to the some dopamine receptors and can be used in the neonatal period. It shows the biochemical maturation of D2 receptors and also manifests the deleterious effect of perinatal hypoxic-ischemic events on D2 receptors.

Iobenzamic acid is a contrast medium, which was used for cholecystography under the name Osbil. It is assumed that the drug is no longer marketed.

Nalfurafine, an opioid κ-selective agonist, has been officially approved for resistant pruritus in HD patients on the basis of a well-evidenced clinical trial in Japan. Nalfurafine hydrochloride is a potent and selective agonist for mouse, rat, guinea pig, and human κ-opioid receptors without significant activity on µ- and δ-opioid receptors. Nalfurafine hydrochloride (2.5 and 5 ug/day) has been proven to be safe and effective for the treatment of HD patients with uremic pruritus resistant to antihistamines.

Sulfobromophthalein (BSP) is a dye with a high affinity for organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) and has been used as a substrate for multidrug resistance associated protein 2 (Mrp2). BSP is transported into hepatocytes by OATPs and, after conjugation to glutathione, is excreted into bile by Mrp2.3 It was found to inhibit the aldo-keto reductase ARK1C20. Sulfobromophthalein (BSP) is used in diagnosis of hepatic disorders.It is also used for the quantitative determination of proteins.

Rubidium Rb-82 is a radioactive drug is indicated for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging of the myocardium under rest or pharmacologic stress conditions to evaluate regional myocardial perfusion in adult patients with suspected or existing coronary artery disease. Rb-82 is analogous to potassium ion (K+) in its biochemical behavior and is rapidly extracted by the myocardium proportional to the blood flow. Rb+ participates in the sodium-potassium (Na+/K+) ion exchange pumps that are present in cell membranes. The intracellular uptake of Rb-82 requires maintenance of ionic gradient across cell membranes. Rb-82 radioactivity is increased in viable myocardium reflecting intracellular retention, while the tracer is cleared rapidly from necrotic or infarcted tissue. Rubidium Rb-82, a nonreactor produced tracer, is believed to have superior accuracy compared to Tc-99m and Tl-201 SPECT, with 5-20 times lower radiation dose. Specific drug-drug interactions have not been studied. Unintended radiation exposure has occurred in some patients who received rubidium Rb-82 chloride injections at clinical sites where generator eluate testing appeared insufficient.

Iotroxic acid (INN), also known as meglumine iotroxate (BAN) (Biliscopin) for infusion is indicated for radiological examination of the hepatic and biliary ducts and gallbladder when examination by oral technique is unsuccessful or inappropriate. Following intravenous administration Biliscopin is rapidly excreted, mainly by the liver into the bile. Visualisation of the hepatic and common bile ducts and the gallbladder can, therefore, be achieved. Visualisation of the biliary ducts is usually possible 30-60 minutes after completion of administration. In vitro meglumine iotroxate binds to plasma proteins to the extent of 60-90% depending on concentration. In animals it crosses the placental barrier. This agent is the single intravenous cholangiographic agent, which is currently available in Australia.