Prodipine (also known as BY-101) is diphenylpiperidines derivative patented by Chemische Fabrik Promonta G.m.b.H. as an anti parkinsonian agent. Prodipine showed monoamine oxidase inhibiting effects in vitro (liver and brain homogenates) similar to those of harmaline. In preclinical studies, Prodipine caused no tachyphylaxis, no increased salivation, or hyperthermia, and had lower toxicity in mice than amphetamine or pemoline. Prodipine decreased reserpine-induced ptosis, antagonized tremorine-induced seizures, and caused only mild hypertension in mice.

Levisoprenaline (l-isoproterenol) is beta1- and beta2-adrenoreceptor agonist. In Japan, continuous inhalation of levisoprenaline is a recommended treatment for pediatric patients with acute severe exacerbation. Compared with salbutamol, l-isoproterenol reduced modified pulmonary index score more rapidly. But in most countries do not recommend continuous inhalation of l-isoproterenol to treat pediatric patients with acute severe exacerbation of asthma due to worsening asthma control. Levisoprenaline was used to cause experimental chronic heart failure in rats.

Simenepag (AGN-210676) is a a small molecule selective prostaglandin EP2 agonist with EC50 of 5 nM. Allergan was developing simenepag for the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension.

Taprenepag isopropyl (also known as PF-04217329) a prodrug of CP-544326 (active acid metabolite), a potent and selective EP(2) receptor agonist. Taprenepag isopropyl was studied in a clinical trials phase II involving patients with primary open angle glaucoma. According to Pfizer’s pipelines in May 2011, the study was discontinued.

Aganepag isopropyl, an IOP-lowering agent, is an antiglaucoma agent. It is a selective EP2 receptor agonist.

Nifenalol is the beta-receptor antagonist. It has optical isomers. The racemic mixture and the levo-isomer are active in antagonizing beta-receptors, but the dextro-isomer is inactive. The levo-isomer seems to be about twice as active in blocking beta-receptors as the racemate. Nifenalol is virtually devoid of local anesthetic properties in contrast to procaine, propranolol, and butidrine. Nifenalol exacerbated the fighting behavior in male mice by foot-shock. Nifenalol has been studied in patients with coronary artery disease. It afforded the coronary patient good protection against angina and ischemic changes in the EKG. It was further noted that nifenalol had no antiarrhythmic action and that it was devoid of evident side effects. Nifenalol possessed weak action against tremorine and oxotremorine induced tremor.

Sintropium [VAL 480] is a gastrointestinal, biliary and urinary spasmolytic agent that was under development with Valeas in Italy. It is a muscarinic receptor antagonist. Sintropium bromide has a prompt anticholinergic action and for this reason may be used in the treatment of painful conditions of the bile, gastro-enteric and renal tracts, and also during the course of endoscopic examinations.

Ciclotropium is quaternary ammonium compound with anticholinergic and parasympatholytic activity. Oral Cyclotropium bromide inhibited fasting and meal-stimulated colonic motility significantly without causing adverse side effects. After cyclotropium bromide, there was a significant correlation between antral contraction amplitude and gastric emptying.