Isradipine (tradenames DynaCirc, Prescal) is a calcium channel blocker of the dihydropyridine class. It is usually prescribed for the treatment of high blood pressure in order to reduce the risk of stroke and heart attack. Except for diuretic activity, the mechanism of which is not clearly understood, the pharmacodynamics effects of isradipine observed in whole animals can also be explained by calcium channel blocking activity, especially dilating effects in arterioles, which reduce systemic resistance and lower blood pressure, with a small increase in resting heart rate. Isradipine binds to calcium channels with high affinity and specificity and inhibits calcium flux into cardiac and arterial smooth muscle cells. It exhibits greater selectivity towards arterial smooth muscle cells owing to alternative splicing of the alpha-1 subunit of the channel and increased prevalence of inactive channels in smooth muscle cells. Although like other dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers, isradipine has negative inotropic effects in vitro; studies conducted in intact anesthetized animals have shown that the vasodilating effect occurs at doses lower than those do which affect contractility. In patients with normal ventricular function, isradipine's afterload reducing properties lead to some increase in cardiac output. Effects in patients with impaired ventricular function have not been fully studied. Most adverse reactions were mild and related to the vasodilatory effects of isradipine (dizziness, edema, palpitations, flushing, tachycardia), and many were transient. About 5% of isradipine patients left studies prematurely because of adverse reactions (vs. 3% of placebo patients and 6% of active control patients), principally due to headache, edema, dizziness, palpitations, and gastrointestinal disturbances.

Nimodipine is a dihydropyridine calcium antagonist which has been shown to dilate cerebral arterioles and increase cerebral blood flow in animals and humans. It has potential in the treatment of a range of cerebrovascular disorders. Major interest to date, however, has focused on its use in the prevention and treatment of the delayed ischaemic neurological deficits that frequently occur in patients with subarachnoid haemorrhages as a result of sustained cerebral vasospasm. Nimodipine, a Ca2+ antagonist with cerebrovasodilatory and anti-ischemic effects, binds to rat, guinea pig, and human brain membranes with high affinity (less than 1 nM). Only at higher concentrations has nimodipine been reported to block the release of some neurotransmitters and hormones from neuronal tissue.

Procarbazine is a chemotherapy medication used for the treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma and brain cancers. For Hodgkin's it is often used together with mechlorethamine, vincristine, and prednisone while for brain cancers such as glioblastoma multiforme it is used with lomustine and vincristine. Procarbazine inhibits DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis by inhibiting transmethylation of methionine into transfer RNA; may also damage DNA directly through alkylation. Common side effect include low blood cell counts and vomiting. Other side effects include tiredness and depression.

Isopropanolamine (1-Amino-2-propanol) is a colorless to yellowish liquid with an amine-like odor. It is miscible in water. Intermediate used in the production of dyes, lubrification oils, corrosion inhibitor, detergents, cutting fluids.

Menthol, (+)- is a fragrance ingredient used in decorative cosmetics, fine fragrances, shampoos, toilet soaps and other toiletries as well as in non-cosmetic products such as household cleaners and detergents. Recent investigations have provided evidence for menthol to increase cough thresholds. Racementhol is used as a topical analgesic.

Naftypramide is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. It was used in the treatment of gynecological inflammatory diseases.

Turofexorate Isopropyl (XL335) is a potent, selective, and orally bioavailable FXR agonist. Binds to the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of human FXR. Turofexorate Isopropyl resides in a predominately hydrophobic pocket with only a few polar atoms making contact with WAY-362450. Turofexorate Isopropyl promotes transcription of the human BSEP, human SHP, and mouse IBABP genes utilizing reporter constructs with EC50 of 17, 230, and 33 nM, respectively in promoter assays. Turofexorate Isopropyl had been in phase I clinical trials for the treatment of hyperlipidemia. This compound was originally discovered by Exelixis Pharmaceuticals, then licensed to Wyeth (now a wholly-owned subsidiary of Pfizer). However, the studies were discontinued.

Mitemcinal (GM-611), an erythromycin-derived prokinetic agent, was developed by Chuga as an agonist of the motilin receptor. Mitemcinal acts by a novel mechanism whereby it stimulates and promotes peristalsis in the stomach and other segments of the gastrointestinal tract. This drug was studied as a potential treatment for gastric motility disorder, as well as reflux esophagitis, non-ulcer dyspepsia, and diabetic gastroparesis. Mitemcinal was involved in phase II clinical trials in Patients with diabetic gastroparesis. Although gastroparetic symptoms improved with both mitemcinal and placebo, the prominent placebo effect was not statistically exceeded by mitemcinal. That is why the development of this drug has stalled. In addition, mitemcinal has been studied in phase II for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome, but this study was also discontinued.

Taselisib (GDC-0032) is an highly selective small-molecule inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) p110-α isoform (PIK3CA). Taselisib is designed to bind to the ATP-binding pocket of PIK3CA to potentially prevent subsequent downstream signaling. Taselisib caused a strong differential growth inhibition in carcinoma cells harbored oncogenic PIK3CA mutations. In preclinical studies, taselisib induced growth inhibition in PIK3CA-mutant xenograft mouse models. Genentech (a Roche subsidiary) is developing taselib primarily for the treatment of solid tumours.