Pyrithione zinc is an antibacterial and antifungal agent. Because of its antifungal properties, it is commonly found in dandruff shampoo. Products containing pyrithione zinc are available today with and without prescription, and it is the main ingredient in many over-the-counter creams, lotions, soaps, and shampoos. It also has antibacterial properties and is effective against many pathogens from the Streptococcus and Staphylococcus genera. Pyrithione zinc`s other medical applications include treatments of psoriasis, eczema, ringworm, fungus, athletes foot, dry skin, atopic dermatitis, tinea, and vitiligo. It was shown that Pyrithione zinc inhibits fungal growth through increased cellular levels of copper, damaging iron-sulphur clusters of proteins essential for fungal metabolism.

Triflusal (trade names Disgren, Grendis, Aflen, Triflux, ets) is a member of the salicylate family with a well-established platelet aggregation inhibitory profile that differs from that of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) in its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. Triflusal irreversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 through its potency is lower than that of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). Triflusal shows potent inhibition of vascular prostacyclin synthesis, and weak inhibition of platelet phosphodiesterase. Triflusal also favors the production of NO and increases the concentration of cyclic nucleotides. A number of experimental and clinical studies have shown that triflusal is a potentially useful choice in the treatment and prophylaxis of brain ischemia because of its antithrombogenic as well as neuroprotective effects. Triflusal anti-thrombogenic properties have been demonstrated clinically and experimentally, while its neuroprotective effects have been shown only in animal models. Triflusal is administered orally. It Is absorbed primarily in the small intestines and its bioavailability in humans ranges from 83% to 100%. Once absorbed, 99% of triflusal binds to plasma proteins in experimental animals as well as in humans. Triflusal readily crosses organic barriers, but its blood levels are always higher than tissue levels. Upon passage through the liver, triflusal is deacetylated, forming 2-hydroxy-4-trifluoro-methyl-benzoicacid (HTB) as the main active metabolite. Triflusal inhibits platelet aggregation and interaction of platelets with subendothelium. The antiplatelet effect of triflusal has been documented in experimental animals and in humans, in in vitro and ex vivo studies, and in in vivo models of thrombogenesis in animals. Triflusal inhibited collagen- or arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation in platelet-rich plasma more effectively than ADP-induced platelet aggregation. Independently of its antithrombotic effect, triflusal acts directly on the nervous tissue to reduce the damage caused by ischemic or cytotoxic insults. The daily oral intake of 600 mg triflusal led to HTB levels in the cerebrospinal fluid that had neuroprotective effects in experimental animals. Traditionally, antiplatelet drugs have been associated with an increased risk of bleeding complications.

Prosultiamine (Alinamin®), a well-known thiamine derivative, was first developed by Takeda Pharmaceutical Company in Japan in the 1950s. The drug is a homolog of allithiamine produced by thiol-type vitamin B1 and allicin. Prosultiamine is converted to vitamin B1 after absorption from the gut. The drug thus enables a long-lasting high blood concentration of vitamin B1, resulting in efficient access of vitamin B1 to nervous tissue. Prosultiamine has cured many patients with vitamin B1 deficiency resulting in beriberi neuropathy and Wernicke’s encephalopathy. Prosultiamine is also a potential treatment for HTLV, since it has been shown to reduce viral load and symptoms.

Gemeprost is a PGE1 analogue indicated for softening and dilatation of the cervix uteri prior to operative procedures or therapeutic abortion. The drug is marketed under the name Cervagem.

Xipamide is a diuretic of thiazide class. It is used for the treatment of hypertension and edema. The diuretic effect of the drug is due to reduction of sodium reabsorption and increase in potassium excretion.

Theofibrate (Etofylline clofibrate, trade name Duolip) is the clofibric acid ester of theophylline, used for the treatment of hyperlipoproteinaemia with elevated triglycerides and cholesterol. The low dose of Etophylline clofibrate (750mg) has a similar lipid-lowering effect as pure clofibrate (1500mg), probably due to a synergistic hypolipidemic effect with theophylline, which has no lipid-lowering effect per se. Secondly, etophylline clofibrate substantially decreases platelet aggregability and plasma viscosity, properties which may be desirable in the prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD). Finally, etophylline clofibrate is clearly a less potent inducer of peroxisomal proliferation in the rat liver than clofibrate, bezafibrate or fenofibrate. Theofibrate increases lipoprotein lipase activity to promote the conversion of Very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) to Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and hence reduce the level of VLDL.

Manganese gluconate is a manganese salt of gluconic acid. Manganese gluconate is sometimes used as a food additive for its texture and light pink coloring. As a food additive, manganese gluconate increases satiety, and the texture of processed foods related to mouth feel. However, in recent years, manganese gluconate has been used less and less as a food additive due to its high toxicity. Many food manufacturers have abandoned using manganese gluconate in favor of other chemical compounds that provide similar effects with a lower toxicity. According to the Food and Drug Administration, manganese gluconate is generally recognized as safe, or GRAS. However, high amounts of manganese gluconate intake, upwards of 15 mg per day, may cause potentially serious health risks. Manganese gluconate toxicity may cause a chemical imbalance in the brain, increasing your risk of developing anxiety, depression, nervousness, psychosis, and mania. Manganese gluconate is used for prevention of deficiency and osteoporosis (off-label).

Potassium Orotate is a non-steroidal anabolic preparation with regenerating, diuretic effect. Potassium Orotate improves appetite, cardiac glycosides tolerance, stimulates regenerative and reparative processes of metabolism. Orotic acid is one of precursors the pyrimidine nucleotides which are a part of nucleic acids which participate in synthesis of protein molecules. In this regard potassium orotate is applied as substance of anabolic action at disturbances of protein metabolism, first of all at disturbance of albumin function of a liver, at the dystrophic changes in a myocardium which developed as owing to pathological process (a myocarditis, myocardial infarction), and as a result of a physical overstrain in sport as the general stimulators of metabolic processes.

Pyritinol is a semi natural analogue of water soluble vitamin B6. Pyritinol was synthetized way back in 1961 by Merck Laboratories. After years of research, it entered the market in the 1970s, where it was used for clinical applications – including treating stroke patients and those with Alzheimer’s. Since the 1990s, it has been sold as a nootropic dietary supplement in the United States and many other parts of the world. Pyritinol, unlike many other nootropics, has been approved for use as a medical treatment in countries around the world. Doctors in many European countries use Pyritinol to treat patients with chronic degenerative brain disorders – like dementia. Countries where Pyritinol is an approved treatment include Austria, Germany, France, Greece, Italy, and Portugal. France has approved the use of Pyritinol – but only as a treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. Pyritinol is not currently licensed for use in the United Kingdom, but in most other countries, it’s available online or through drug stores as an over the counter substance. Pyritinol is marketed under the brand names Encephabol, Encefabol and Cerbon 6. One of the known mechanisms of action of Pyritinol involves increasing choline uptake into your neurons and thereby increasing acetylcholine levels. Pyritinol is also a great effective precursor to dopamine, which is one of the neurotransmitter mood-boosters in the brain. Pyritinol has better conversion into the neurochemical. This drug increases dopamine, which can keep the brain from anxiety because a lower dopamine level is connected to mood disorders and depression.

Vincamine is the major alkaloid of Vinca minor. Although vincamine has been used therapeutically for almost three decades, the exact mechanisms of action and its effects are still unknown. Vincamine is a peripheral vasodilator that increases blood flow to the brain. Vincamine is beneficial to the nervous system's cells feeding and protecting processes and is utilized as an adjuvant in case of cerebrovascular insufficiency, age-related psycho-behavioral disorders, post concussion syndrome in head trauma, in case of post-stroke sequels. Vincamine may be used as a dietary nootropic supplement.