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Details

Stereochemistry ACHIRAL
Molecular Formula C16H20N2O4S2.2ClH.H2O
Molecular Weight 459.408
Optical Activity NONE
Defined Stereocenters 0 / 0
E/Z Centers 0
Charge 0

SHOW SMILES / InChI
Structure of PYRITINOL HYDROCHLORIDE

SMILES

O.Cl.Cl.CC1=NC=C(CSSCC2=CN=C(C)C(O)=C2CO)C(CO)=C1O

InChI

InChIKey=VFEKMAOUJHONFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C16H20N2O4S2.2ClH.H2O/c1-9-15(21)13(5-19)11(3-17-9)7-23-24-8-12-4-18-10(2)16(22)14(12)6-20;;;/h3-4,19-22H,5-8H2,1-2H3;2*1H;1H2

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Molecular Formula C16H20N2O4S2
Molecular Weight 368.471
Charge 0
Count
Stereochemistry ACHIRAL
Additional Stereochemistry No
Defined Stereocenters 0 / 0
E/Z Centers 0
Optical Activity NONE

Molecular Formula ClH
Molecular Weight 36.461
Charge 0
Count
Stereochemistry ACHIRAL
Additional Stereochemistry No
Defined Stereocenters 0 / 0
E/Z Centers 0
Optical Activity NONE

Molecular Formula H2O
Molecular Weight 18.0153
Charge 0
Count
Stereochemistry ACHIRAL
Additional Stereochemistry No
Defined Stereocenters 0 / 0
E/Z Centers 0
Optical Activity NONE

Pyritinol is a semi natural analogue of water soluble vitamin B6. Pyritinol was synthetized way back in 1961 by Merck Laboratories. After years of research, it entered the market in the 1970s, where it was used for clinical applications – including treating stroke patients and those with Alzheimer’s. Since the 1990s, it has been sold as a nootropic dietary supplement in the United States and many other parts of the world. Pyritinol, unlike many other nootropics, has been approved for use as a medical treatment in countries around the world. Doctors in many European countries use Pyritinol to treat patients with chronic degenerative brain disorders – like dementia. Countries where Pyritinol is an approved treatment include Austria, Germany, France, Greece, Italy, and Portugal. France has approved the use of Pyritinol – but only as a treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. Pyritinol is not currently licensed for use in the United Kingdom, but in most other countries, it’s available online or through drug stores as an over the counter substance. Pyritinol is marketed under the brand names Encephabol, Encefabol and Cerbon 6. One of the known mechanisms of action of Pyritinol involves increasing choline uptake into your neurons and thereby increasing acetylcholine levels. Pyritinol is also a great effective precursor to dopamine, which is one of the neurotransmitter mood-boosters in the brain. Pyritinol has better conversion into the neurochemical. This drug increases dopamine, which can keep the brain from anxiety because a lower dopamine level is connected to mood disorders and depression.

Originator

Curator's Comment: Pyritinol was initially developed by Merck Laboratories in the year 1961 # Merck

Approval Year

TargetsConditions

Conditions

ConditionModalityTargetsHighest PhaseProduct
Primary
Encephabol

Approved Use

Indications: symptomatic treatment of chronic disorders of the brain function in dementia syndromes with the following symptoms: impaired memory and thinking, decreased concentration, fatigue, lack of incentives and motivation, affective disorders. Primary degenerative dementia, dementia of vascular origin and mixed forms. Symptomatic treatment of chronic disorders of mental disability. Post-traumatic encephalopathy. Cerebral atherosclerosis. The consequences of encephalitis. Mental retardation, tserebrastenichesky syndrome, encephalopathy in children.
Primary
Encephabol

Approved Use

Indications: symptomatic treatment of chronic disorders of the brain function in dementia syndromes with the following symptoms: impaired memory and thinking, decreased concentration, fatigue, lack of incentives and motivation, affective disorders. Primary degenerative dementia, dementia of vascular origin and mixed forms. Symptomatic treatment of chronic disorders of mental disability. Post-traumatic encephalopathy. Cerebral atherosclerosis. The consequences of encephalitis. Mental retardation, tserebrastenichesky syndrome, encephalopathy in children.
Primary
Encephabol

Approved Use

Encephabol stimulates the central nervous system and belongs to the group of drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease. USES Erradicate Physical and Psychological Weakness Treat Alzheimer's Disease Reduce Memory Impairment Get Rid of Hangovers Reduce Learning Disorders Sequelae of Craniocerebral Trauma
PubMed

PubMed

TitleDatePubMed
Prolongevity medicine: Antagonic-Stress drug in distress, geriatrics, and related diseases. II. Clinical review--2003.
2004 Jun
Selective Vulnerabilities of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) Receptors During Brain Aging.
2010
Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide
Encephabol (Pyritinol) comes in coated tablets. The dosage depends on the severity of the patients condition. Tablets should be taken with meal and a large glass of water. Dosage for adults: 600 mg a day (2 tabs 3 times a day). Dosage for newborn infants: on the third day of life 20 mg a day during a month. Dosage for pediatric patients: 2 months: the dosage is increases 20 mg every next week until the daily dose will be 100 mg. 1-7 years old: 50-300 mg a day. 7 years old and over: 50-600 mg a day (1-2 tabs 1-3 times a day). In patients with chronic conditions the period of therapy should be no less than 8 weeks.
Route of Administration: Oral
In Vitro Use Guide
Pretreatment of rabbit peritoneal neutrophils with Pyritinol had an inhibitory effect on random migration or fMLP-activated chemotaxis at high concentrations (1 mM), and a slight potentiating effect at low concentrations (10 uM)
Substance Class Chemical
Created
by admin
on Fri Dec 15 15:12:47 UTC 2023
Edited
by admin
on Fri Dec 15 15:12:47 UTC 2023
Record UNII
0OE436N2Y2
Record Status Validated (UNII)
Record Version
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Name Type Language
PYRITINOL HYDROCHLORIDE
MART.  
Common Name English
PYRITINOL DIHYDROCHLORIDE MONOHYDRATE [MI]
Common Name English
ENERBOL
Brand Name English
LIFE
Brand Name English
ENBOL
Brand Name English
EPOCAN
Brand Name English
PYRITHIOXINE HYDROCHLORIDE
JAN  
Common Name English
PYRITINOL HYDROCHLORIDE [MART.]
Common Name English
PYRITINOL HCL
Common Name English
ENCEPHABOL
Common Name English
BONIFEN
Brand Name English
BIOCEFALIN
Brand Name English
5,5-DIHYDROXY-6,6-DIMETHYL-3,3-DITHIODIMETHYLENEBIS(4-PYRIDYLMETHANOL) DIHYDOCHLORIDE MONOHYDRATE
Common Name English
PYRITHIOXINE HYDROCHLORIDE [JAN]
Common Name English
PYRITINOL DIHYDROCHLORIDE MONOHYDRATE
MI  
Common Name English
Code System Code Type Description
EPA CompTox
DTXSID60209219
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:12:47 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:12:47 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
RXCUI
236508
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:12:47 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:12:47 UTC 2023
PRIMARY RxNorm
PUBCHEM
11954251
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:12:47 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:12:47 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
EVMPD
SUB04145MIG
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:12:47 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:12:47 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
MERCK INDEX
m9379
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:12:47 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:12:47 UTC 2023
PRIMARY Merck Index
FDA UNII
0OE436N2Y2
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:12:47 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:12:47 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
CAS
60479-98-3
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:12:47 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:12:47 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
ChEMBL
CHEMBL488093
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:12:47 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:12:47 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
Related Record Type Details
PARENT -> SALT/SOLVATE
ANHYDROUS->SOLVATE
Related Record Type Details
ACTIVE MOIETY