Details
| Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
| Molecular Formula | C16H20N2O4S2 |
| Molecular Weight | 368.471 |
| Optical Activity | NONE |
| Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
CC1=NC=C(CSSCC2=C(CO)C(O)=C(C)N=C2)C(CO)=C1O
InChI
InChIKey=SIXLXDIJGIWWFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C16H20N2O4S2/c1-9-15(21)13(5-19)11(3-17-9)7-23-24-8-12-4-18-10(2)16(22)14(12)6-20/h3-4,19-22H,5-8H2,1-2H3
| Molecular Formula | C16H20N2O4S2 |
| Molecular Weight | 368.471 |
| Charge | 0 |
| Count |
|
| Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
| Additional Stereochemistry | No |
| Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Optical Activity | NONE |
Pyritinol is a semi natural analogue of water soluble vitamin B6. Pyritinol was synthetized way back in 1961 by Merck Laboratories. After years of research, it entered the market in the 1970s, where it was used for clinical applications – including treating stroke patients and those with Alzheimer’s. Since the 1990s, it has been sold as a nootropic dietary supplement in the United States and many other parts of the world. Pyritinol, unlike many other nootropics, has been approved for use as a medical treatment in countries around the world. Doctors in many European countries use Pyritinol to treat patients with chronic degenerative brain disorders – like dementia. Countries where Pyritinol is an approved treatment include Austria, Germany, France, Greece, Italy, and Portugal. France has approved the use of Pyritinol – but only as a treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. Pyritinol is not currently licensed for use in the United Kingdom, but in most other countries, it’s available online or through drug stores as an over the counter substance. Pyritinol is marketed under the brand names Encephabol, Encefabol and Cerbon 6. One of the known mechanisms of action of Pyritinol involves increasing choline uptake into your neurons and thereby increasing acetylcholine levels. Pyritinol is also a great effective precursor to dopamine, which is one of the neurotransmitter mood-boosters in the brain. Pyritinol has better conversion into the neurochemical. This drug increases dopamine, which can keep the brain from anxiety because a lower dopamine level is connected to mood disorders and depression.
Originator
Sources: https://nootriment.com/pyritinol/ | http://www.purenootropic.com/cholinergics/pyritinol/
Curator's Comment: Pyritinol was initially developed by Merck Laboratories in the year 1961 # Merck
Approval Year
Targets
| Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
|---|---|---|---|
Conditions
| Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Encephabol Approved UseIndications: symptomatic treatment of chronic disorders of the brain function in dementia syndromes with the following symptoms: impaired memory and thinking, decreased concentration, fatigue, lack of incentives and motivation, affective disorders.
Primary degenerative dementia, dementia of vascular origin and mixed forms. Symptomatic treatment of chronic disorders of mental disability. Post-traumatic encephalopathy. Cerebral atherosclerosis. The consequences of encephalitis. Mental retardation, tserebrastenichesky syndrome, encephalopathy in children. |
|||
| Primary | Encephabol Approved UseIndications: symptomatic treatment of chronic disorders of the brain function in dementia syndromes with the following symptoms: impaired memory and thinking, decreased concentration, fatigue, lack of incentives and motivation, affective disorders.
Primary degenerative dementia, dementia of vascular origin and mixed forms. Symptomatic treatment of chronic disorders of mental disability. Post-traumatic encephalopathy. Cerebral atherosclerosis. The consequences of encephalitis. Mental retardation, tserebrastenichesky syndrome, encephalopathy in children. |
|||
| Primary | Encephabol Approved UseEncephabol stimulates the central nervous system and belongs to the group of drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease.
USES
Erradicate Physical and Psychological Weakness
Treat Alzheimer's Disease
Reduce Memory Impairment
Get Rid of Hangovers
Reduce Learning Disorders
Sequelae of Craniocerebral Trauma |
Doses
| Dose | Population | Adverse events |
|---|---|---|
1200 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 1200 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1200 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
healthy, ADULT Health Status: healthy Age Group: ADULT Sex: M Food Status: UNKNOWN Sources: |
|
600 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 600 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 600 mg, 2 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, ADULT Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: ADULT Sex: M+F Food Status: UNKNOWN Sources: |
Disc. AE: Cholestatic hepatitis... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Cholestatic hepatitis (grade 3) Sources: |
AEs
| AE | Significance | Dose | Population |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cholestatic hepatitis | grade 3 Disc. AE |
600 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 600 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 600 mg, 2 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, ADULT Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: ADULT Sex: M+F Food Status: UNKNOWN Sources: |
PubMed
| Title | Date | PubMed |
|---|---|---|
| Selective Vulnerabilities of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) Receptors During Brain Aging. | 2010 |
|
| Stability-indicating chemometric methods for the determination of pyritinol dihydrochloride. | 2009-05 |
|
| Pyritinol for post asphyxial encephalopathy in term babies-- a randomized double-blind controlled trial. | 2009-01 |
|
| Pyritinol reduces nociception and oxidative stress in diabetic rats. | 2008-08-20 |
|
| Stability-indicating electrochemical methods for the determination of meclophenoxate hydrochloride and pyritinol dihydrochloride using ion-selective membrane electrodes. | 2007-01 |
|
| Stability-indicating methods for determination of pyritinol dihydrochloride in the presence of its precursor and degradation product by derivative spectrophotometry. | 2005-03-12 |
|
| Prolongevity medicine: Antagonic-Stress drug in distress, geriatrics, and related diseases. II. Clinical review--2003. | 2004-06 |
|
| Severe cholestatic hepatitis induced by pyritinol. | 2004-03-06 |
|
| Effect of nicergoline on learning and memory. | 1988-07 |
Patents
Sample Use Guides
In Vivo Use Guide
Sources: http://rupharma.com/encephabol/
Encephabol (Pyritinol) comes in coated tablets.
The dosage depends on the severity of the patients condition.
Tablets should be taken with meal and a large glass of water.
Dosage for adults: 600 mg a day (2 tabs 3 times a day).
Dosage for newborn infants: on the third day of life 20 mg a day during a month.
Dosage for pediatric patients: 2 months: the dosage is increases 20 mg every next week until the daily dose will be 100 mg.
1-7 years old: 50-300 mg a day.
7 years old and over: 50-600 mg a day (1-2 tabs 1-3 times a day).
In patients with chronic conditions the period of therapy should be no less than 8 weeks.
Route of Administration:
Oral
In Vitro Use Guide
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8397168
Pretreatment of rabbit peritoneal neutrophils with Pyritinol had
an inhibitory effect on random migration or fMLP-activated
chemotaxis at high concentrations (1 mM),
and a slight potentiating effect at low concentrations
(10 uM)
| Substance Class |
Chemical
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