Chloral hydrate was discovered in 1832, and was used as a sedative in late 19th century. Chloral hydrate has not been approved by the FDA or the EMA, and is on the list of unapproved drugs that are prescribed for postoperative pain control, sedation and to prevent alcohol withdrawal and reduce anxiety associated with withdrawal of opiates or barbiturates. Mechanism of action of chloral hydrate is not known. It is generally believed that the central depressant effects are due to the principal pharmacologically active metabolite trichloroethanol, which has a plasma half- life of 8 to 10 hours, and acts by potentiating GABA-activated Cl currents.

Arbaprostil (15(R)-15-methylprostaglandin E2) is a prodrug, which is activated by epimerization to form the active S-epimer. It was shown, that arbaprostil markedly accelerated the healing rate of active duodenal ulcers, due to inhibition of acid secretion as well as gastric cytoprotection.

Roxithromycin is a semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic, which was developed by Roussel Uclaf and is available in Australia. Roxithromycin prevents bacteria from growing, by interfering with their protein synthesis. Roxithromycin binds to the subunit 50S of the bacterial ribosome, and thus inhibits the translocation of peptides. It can treat respiratory tract, urinary and soft tissue infections.

Trimetozine (brand name Trioxazine) is a sedative agent, which has been used in the treatment of anxiety.

4-tert-Pentylphenol (4-tert-Amylphenol) is used to make phenolic resins (novolaks and resoles), which are used in paints and varnishes and as printing ink resins. The ethoxylated novolaks are used as oil field demulsifiers. Because of the high cost of 4-tert-pentylphenol, which is related to the high cost of the starting material, many of the resin applications have been reformulated using 4-tertbutylphenol. The substance is also used as a germicide in cleaning solutions, although it is being replaced by quaternary ammonium salts. Kegley et al. (2007) confirm that both the substance and its potassium and sodium salts are antimicrobial or fungicidal active ingredients of several disinfectant products that are currently registered with the US authorities. It appears that some of these products are used in animal husbandry, including the control of highly infectious diseases such as avian influenza (US EPA, 2007d). 4-tert-Amylphenol was used as an esterogen receptor (ER) ligand.

Bromindione is an oral anti-coagulant derived from the monobromination of the familiar phenylindandione (Hedulin, Danilone, Dindevan).

Androstenedione (Δ4-Androstenedione, 4-androstene-3,17-dione or 17-ketotestosterone) is an endogenous androgen steroid hormone and intermediate in the biosynthesis of testosterone from dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). In turn, Androstenedione is also a precursor of dihydrotestosterone (DHT), estrogens such as estradiol and estrone, and the neurosteroid 3α-androstanediol. Androstenedione is used to increase the production of the hormone testosterone to enhance athletic performance, increase energy, keep red blood cells healthy, enhance recovery and growth from exercise, and increase sexual desire and performance. Androstenedione has been shown to increase serum testosterone levels over an eight-hour period in men when taken as a single oral dose of 300 mg per day, but a dose of 100 mg had no significant effect on serum testosterone. However, serum levels of estradiol increased following both the 100 mg and 300 mg doses. The study also reported that the serum level of estrogens and testosterone produced varied widely among individuals. Androstenedione is currently used as a nutritional supplement to grow bigger muscles and stronger bones. This implies that androstenedione may have anabolic properties. Even though it has not been convincingly demonstrated yet that androstenedione is an anabolic steroid, its anabolic properties are likely based on its proven ability to increase testosterone levels. The role of testosterone in building stronger muscles and bones is widely accepted. Thus, high doses of testosterone-boosting drugs combined with strength training have been shown to increase muscle size and strength even in normal young men. This confirms what thousands of athletes who take anabolic steroids have known for decades. Yet androstenedione is different from testosterone-boosting drugs in a number of important aspects. To begin with, androstenedione is a naturally occurring substance that is produced by the body itself. In contrast to synthetic anabolic steroids, androstenedione is right at home in the human body, and perfectly complements the complex hormonal network in the body. Information about possible side effects and risks of androstenedione is very limited. Also, recent studies show that the drug's actions don't support manufacturer's claims. While a few individuals have shown increased levels of testosterone, most failed to achieve increases in blood testosterone levels. Initial medical research has raised concerns about this supplement's safety. Doctors worry that androstenedione may increase the risk of heart disease or liver cancer. In addition, research also associates androstenedione use with increases in estradiol, a female estrogen.

Metergoline is a psychoactive drug of the ergoline chemical class which acts as a ligand for various serotonin and dopamine receptors. Metergoline is an antagonist at various 5-HT receptor subtypes at a relatively low concentration and an agonist at dopamine receptors. Its use has been studied in various clinical settings such as a treatment for seasonal affective disorder, prolactin hormone regulation due to its inhibitory effect on prolactin release premenstrual dysphoric disorder in women and antianxiety treatment

Oftasceine is a fluorescent dye or luminescent agent. It was recommended for the use as an effective agent for the blood-retinal barrier integrity studies. It was used to detect drug interactions with multidrug resistance proteins because it is an effective substrate of the multidrug resistance transporter 1P-glycoprotein and the multidrug resistance-related protein. The Oftasceine assay can be used as a quantitative, standardized, inexpensive screening test in a routine clinical laboratory setting. The assay detects both P-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance-associated protein activities, and identifies acute myeloid leukaemia patients with unfavorable therapy responses. It is used in ophthalmic solutions as a staining agent when fitting hydrogel contact lens. The use of a fluorexon dye-impregnated strip (pre-wetted with preservative-free saline) yielded comparable results with a fluorescein strip for assessments of tear film stability based on tear film break-up time.

Streptovaricins (or streptovarycins) are a group of structurally related macrolide antibiotics, which are active against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and especially against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It was shown, that streptovaricin probably blocked transcription of adenovirus 2 (AD2) by inhibiting early transcription complex assembly events.