Maxacalcitol (OXAROL®) is a derivative of vitamin D and is used to treat the secondary hyperparathyroidism of hemodialysis (HD) patients as an injection and psoriasis as an ointment. Secondary hyperparathyroidism is one of the complications in HD patients with hyperplasia of parathyroid glands and elevated serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. Maxacalcitol (OXAROL®) suppresses synthesis and secretion of parathyroid hormone, and decreases a concentration of parathyroid hormone in blood. It also inhibits proliferation and induces differentiation of epidermal keratinocytes. Maxacalcitol (OXAROL®) used in patients with keratosis including psoriasis vulgaris, remarkably improving the symptoms.

Naftopidil (INN, marketed under the brand name Flivas) is a drug used in benign prostatic hypertrophy which acts as a selective alpha1-adrenergic receptor antagonist, has been used for the treatment of benign prostatic obstruction and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) associated lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare approved naftopidil for treating men with BPH in 1996. Although well-designed, randomized studies are warranted to confirm the long-term outcomes and effector/target of naftopidil, the α1A-antagonist naftopidil, which also blocks α1D-adrenoceptor, improves voiding symptoms, and may also be useful for the management of men with storage symptoms represented by nocturia, retrieving their quality of life impaired by BPH-associated LUTS. The selective alpha1D-blocker naftopidil can significantly facilitate spontaneous passage of distal ureteral stones with few side effects, providing a new choice for medical expulsive therapy.

Sodium antimonylgluconate (triostam) is a trivalent antimony compound. It was used for the treatment of schistosomiasis. Usually given intravenously.

Fenspiride is an oxazolidinone spiro compound used as a drug in the treatment of certain respiratory diseases. It is approved for use in Russia for the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases of ENT organs and the respiratory tract (like rhinopharyngitis, laryngitis, tracheobronchitis, otitis and sinusitis), as well as for maintenance treatment of asthma. Fenspiride is marketed under the brand names Eurespal, Pneumorel, SYRESP, Oxofen and others. Erespal (fenspiride) is a drug with a bronchodilator and spasmolytic effect, which is often used in the complex therapy of bronchial asthma. Fenspiride has a clinically proven ability to increase the activity of the cilia of the bronchial ciliated epithelium, normalize the secretion of the bronchi and reduce its viscosity. Effectively removes bronchial obstruction, restores pulmonary gas exchange. Inhibits the metabolism of arachidonic acid, in parallel blocking histamine H1-receptors, since it is histamine that stimulates the chemical reactions of the transformation of arachidonic acid into the final metabolites-factors of inflammation. Reduces the production of other mediators of inflammation - serotonin and bradykinin. It blocks α-adrenergic receptors, the activation of which increases the secretion of bronchial glands. The complex effect of fenspiride reduces the pathological effect of a number of factors that promote hypersecretion of anti-inflammatory substances and cause obstruction of the bronchial tree. Has a pronounced antispasmodic and myotropic effect.

There is no information related to the biological and pharmacological properties of the aleuritic acid. But is known, that this compound is is the major acid constituent of the lac resin secreted by Indian lac insect Kerria lacca. Also, it can be obtained from shellac by saponification. Aleuritic acid is a unique acid containing three hydroxyl groups of which two are of adjacent carbon atoms. It is used as a component in the perfume industry for the preparation of musk aroma.

Sulphathiourea (Badional) is short acting sulfonamide, belongs to antibacterial drugs

Amygdalin is a naturally occurring cyanogenic glycoside derived from nuts, plants, and the pits of certain fruits, primarily apricots. Bitter almonds containing amygdalin are used in Traditional Chinese Medicine to remove “blood stasis” and to treat abscesses. Amygdalin was first used as a cancer treatment in Russia in 1845, and in the United States in the 1920s. Laetrile is another name for the natural product amygdalin. Hydrogen cyanide is thought to be the main anticancer compound formed from laetrile (Amygdalin) via in situ release. Cyanide from the hydrolysis of amygdalin is believed to be cytotoxic with actions selective against cancerous cells, but results from animal studies were mostly negative. Other animal studies suggest it may help to relieve pain due to its anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. One study suggested amygdalin can inhibit tumor growth, but subsequent tests were unable to confirm this observation. Laetrile (Amygdalin) has shown little anticancer activity in animal studies and no anticancer activity in human clinical trials. In 1970, an IND application to study laetrile was filed by the McNaughton Foundation (San Ysidro, California). This request was initially approved but later rejected because preclinical evidence in animals showed that laetrile was not likely to be effective as an anticancer agent. The side effects associated with laetrile toxicity mirror the symptoms of cyanide poisoning, including liver damage, difficulty walking (caused by damaged nerves), fever, coma, and death. Laetrile (Amygdalin) is not approved for use in the United States.

Sulfamonomethoxine is a long-acting sulfonamide antibiotic. It is active against Streptococcus spp. (Including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Enterococcus spp.), Staphylococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Shigella spp., some strains of Proteus spp., Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitides. Sulfamonomethoxine also active against Chlamydia spp., Toxoplasma gondii, Plasmodium. Rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, it penetrates the BBB. The relatively low toxicity. Sulfamonomethoxine is a competitive inhibitor of dihydropteroate synthetase used to block the synthesis of folic acid. By preventing the production of folate in bacteria, the sulfonamide antibiotics ultimately suppress bacterial DNA replication.

Iofetamine is a diagnostic compound that was used for brain-imaging. Iofetamine may cause different adverse reactions such as increase in systolic blood pressure by about 10 mm Hg, dizziness, hearing loss and allergy.

Flupenthixol is a thioxanthene antipsychotic used in the treatment of schizophrenia and other psychoses, with the exception of mania and psychomotor hyperactivity due to an activating effect associated with this drug. It may also be employed as an antidepressant. Flupenthixol has a wide range of pharmacological actions. Flupenthixol blocks dopaminergic receptors, thus interfering with dopaminergic transmission in the brain. Flupenthixol also inhibits serotonin 5-HT, histamine H1, muscarinic and alpha-1 adrenergic receptors.