Lactic Acid, L- (L-lactic acid, L-lactate) is the levorotatory isomer of lactic acid, the biologically active isoform in humans. Lactic acid or lactate is produced during fermentation from pyruvate by lactate dehydrogenase. Lactate dehydrogenase is isomer-specific so that production and metabolism of D-lactate require D-LDH and L-lactate requires L-LDH. Mammalian cells only contain L-LDH so that in humans the lactate produced is almost exclusively L-lactate. Carbohydrate-fermenting bacterial species (e.g. lactobacillus spp) have by contrast both enzymes and therefore the capacity to produce both D-lactate and L-lactate. L-lactic acid is the primary agonist of hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 (HCA1), which is a Gi/o-coupled G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). Poly-L-lactic acid is an absorbable, semi-permanent, injectable implant that can be used to restore volume and stimulate collagen formation gradually. It is FDA-approved for the correction of facial fat loss associated with antiretroviral therapy-induced lipoatrophy in HIV patients. It is FDA-approved for use in immunocompetent people for the correction of nasolabial fold deficiencies and other facial wrinkles. It has been used off-label to enhance the cheeks, hands, neck, thighs, gluteal enhancement and chest wall deformities, such as pectus excavatum or thoracic deformities secondary to surgical procedures.

Potassium pyrophosphate is mainly used as an emulsifier, quality improver and metal ion chelating agent. It can be found in herbicidal compositions as a spray adjuvant. It is also used as an anionic dispersant in water-based (latex) paints. GRAS. Potassium Pyrophosphate has being evaluated in phase II clinical trial as an anti-calculus treatment.

Drometrizole trisiloxane is a lipophilic benzotriazole derivative marketed as Mexoryl XL by L'Oréal and is used in sunscreens as a (UV) filtering agent that provide a high sun protection factor (SPF) for daily photoprotection of skin against UV damage and delay the signs of aging. Drometrizole trisiloxane is a broad-spectrum UV absorber with two absorption peaks, one at 303 nm (UVB) and one at 344 nm (UVA). Sunscreens with drometrizole trisiloxane are approved within the EU, Australia and other contries but not in the United States.

Homosalate is used as a broad-band UV filter in concentrations of up to 10% in the EU or 15% depending upon where the product is used (e.g. in the USA) in sunscreen products alone or in combination with other UV absorbers to protect the skin against harmful effects of the UV radiation.

Creatine is an amino acid that occurs in vertebrate tissues and in urine. It is synthesized mainly in the liver from three different amino acids: arginine, glycine, and methionine. In skeletal muscles, which store 95% of it, creatine generally occurs as phosphocreatine. The rest is stored in the brain, heart, and testes. Creatine functions as part of the cell's energy shuttle. It is excreted as creatinine in the urine.

Sorbitan tristearate (E492) is used as an emulsifier and stabiliser. It is produced by the esterification of sorbitol with commercial stearic acid derived from food fats and oils.It is a mixture of the partial esters of sorbitol and its mono- and dianhydride with edible stearic acid. It is permitted as a food additive in bakery products, toppings and coatings, fat emulsions, milk and cream analogues, beverage whiteners, edible ices, desserts, sugar confectionery including chocolate, emulsified sauces, dietary food supplements, chewing gum and dietetic foods.