Details
| Stereochemistry | ABSOLUTE |
| Molecular Formula | C3H6O3 |
| Molecular Weight | 90.0779 |
| Optical Activity | UNSPECIFIED |
| Defined Stereocenters | 1 / 1 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
C[C@H](O)C(O)=O
InChI
InChIKey=JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-REOHCLBHSA-N
InChI=1S/C3H6O3/c1-2(4)3(5)6/h2,4H,1H3,(H,5,6)/t2-/m0/s1
Lactic Acid, L- (L-lactic acid, L-lactate) is the levorotatory isomer of lactic acid, the biologically active isoform in humans. Lactic acid or lactate is produced during fermentation from pyruvate by lactate dehydrogenase. Lactate dehydrogenase is isomer-specific so that production and metabolism of D-lactate require D-LDH and L-lactate requires L-LDH. Mammalian cells only contain L-LDH so that in humans the lactate produced is almost exclusively L-lactate. Carbohydrate-fermenting bacterial species (e.g. lactobacillus spp) have by contrast both enzymes and therefore the capacity to produce both D-lactate and L-lactate. L-lactic acid is the primary agonist of hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 (HCA1), which is a Gi/o-coupled G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). Poly-L-lactic acid is an absorbable, semi-permanent, injectable implant that can be used to restore volume and stimulate collagen formation gradually. It is FDA-approved for the correction of facial fat loss associated with antiretroviral therapy-induced lipoatrophy in HIV patients. It is FDA-approved for use in immunocompetent people for the correction of nasolabial fold deficiencies and other facial wrinkles. It has been used off-label to enhance the cheeks, hands, neck, thighs, gluteal enhancement and chest wall deformities, such as pectus excavatum or thoracic deformities secondary to surgical procedures.
Approval Year
Targets
| Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
|---|---|---|---|
Target ID: Q9BXC0 Gene ID: 27198.0 Gene Symbol: HCAR1 Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human) |
Conditions
| Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Palliative | PRISMASOL Approved UsePRISMASOL solution is indicated as a replacement solution in Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) and in case of drug poisoning when CRRT is used to remove dialyzable substances. Launch Date2006 |
PubMed
| Title | Date | PubMed |
|---|---|---|
| High resolution 1H n.m.r. studies of vertebrate blood and plasma. | 1983 Jun 1 |
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| 1H NMR characterization of normal human cerebrospinal fluid and the detection of methylmalonic acid in a vitamin B12 deficient patient. | 1991 Aug |
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| Physiology and pathophysiology of organic acids in cerebrospinal fluid. | 1993 |
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| Lactate and pyruvate concentrations in capillary blood from newborns. | 1994 Sep |
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| Intracellular flux analysis applied to the effect of dissolved oxygen on hybridomas. | 1995 Dec |
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| Standardized method for high-resolution 1H-NMR of cerebrospinal fluid. | 1995 May |
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| Abnormal substrate levels that depend upon mitochondrial function in cerebrospinal fluid from Alzheimer patients. | 1998 |
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| Paraquat-induced renal injury studied by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of urine. | 1998 Jun |
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| L-lactic acid as a mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) repellent on human and mouse skin. | 2001 Jan |
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| The 12,13-diol cyclization approach for a truly stereocontrolled total synthesis of epothilone B and the synthesis of a conformationally restrained analogue. | 2001 May 18 |
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| Diastereomeric salts of lactic acid and 1-phenylethylamine, their structures and relative stabilities. | 2002 Dec |
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| Asymmetric intramolecular [2 + 2] photocycloadditions: alpha- and beta-hydroxy acids as chiral tether groups. | 2002 Feb 22 |
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| Asymmetric total synthesis of (+)-brefeldin A from (S)-lactate by triple chirality transfer process and nitrile oxide cycloaddition. | 2002 Feb 8 |
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| 1H and (13)C NMR spectroscopic analysis of human saliva. | 2002 Jun |
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| RIO: analyzing proteomes by automated phylogenomics using resampled inference of orthologs. | 2002 May 16 |
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| Synthesis of optically active atropisomeric anilide derivatives through diastereoselective N-allylation with a chiral Pd-pi-allyl catalyst. | 2003 Dec 12 |
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| The absolute configuration of 1-carboxyethyl substituents on common hexoses by circular dichroism. | 2003 Jan 2 |
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| Structure of the O-polysaccharide of Proteus penneri 28 and Proteus vulgaris O31 and classification of P. penneri 26 and 28 in Proteus serogroup O31. | 2003 Oct 24 |
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| In vivo and in vitro nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy as a tool for investigating hepatobiliary disease: a review of H and P MRS applications. | 2005 Apr |
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| Asymmetric intermolecular C-H functionalization of benzyl silyl ethers mediated by chiral auxiliary-based aryldiazoacetates and chiral dirhodium catalysts. | 2005 Dec 23 |
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| Proton MR CSF analysis and a new software as predictors for the differentiation of meningitis in children. | 2005 Jun |
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| Dynamic simulation of red blood cell metabolism and its application to the analysis of a pathological condition. | 2005 May 9 |
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| Automated no-carrier-added synthesis of [1-11C]-labeled D- and L-enantiomers of lactic acid. | 2006 Dec |
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| Plasma concentrations and urinary excretion of purine bases (uric acid, hypoxanthine, and xanthine) and oxypurinol after rigorous exercise. | 2006 Jan |
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| Remote ischaemic preconditioning protects against cardiopulmonary bypass-induced tissue injury: a preclinical study. | 2006 Oct |
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| Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: immunologic prognostic studies. | 2007 Jul |
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| Role of GPR81 in lactate-mediated reduction of adipose lipolysis. | 2008 Dec 19 |
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| Facile alcoholysis of L-lactide catalysed by Group 1 and 2 metal complexes. | 2008 Jun 21 |
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| Design of a "new motif" with beta-amino acids and alpha-aminoxy acids: synthesis of hybrid peptides with 12/10-helix. | 2008 May 16 |
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| Overcoming extractability hurdles of a 14C labeled taxane analogue milataxel and its metabolite from xenograft mouse tumor and brain tissues. | 2009 Apr 5 |
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| Examination of the biological role of the alpha(2-->6)-linked sialic acid in gangliosides binding to the myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG). | 2009 Feb 26 |
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| Lactate inhibits lipolysis in fat cells through activation of an orphan G-protein-coupled receptor, GPR81. | 2009 Jan 30 |
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| Serum amyloid A as a prognostic marker in melanoma identified by proteomic profiling. | 2009 May 1 |
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| Studies on the biodegradation of fosfomycin: growth of Rhizobium huakuii PMY1 on possible intermediates synthesised chemically. | 2009 May 7 |
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| An autocrine lactate loop mediates insulin-dependent inhibition of lipolysis through GPR81. | 2010 Apr 7 |
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| Characterization of a diverse secretome generated by the mouse preimplantation embryo in vitro. | 2010 Jun 23 |
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| Perioperative chronic use of statins and the risk of muscle complaints in patients undergoing knee and hip endoprosthesis surgery. | 2010 Mar |
|
| Screening β-arrestin recruitment for the identification of natural ligands for orphan G-protein-coupled receptors. | 2013 Jun |
Sample Use Guides
Facial fat loss (lipoatrophy) Sculptra (Poly-L-lactic acid): Intradermal or SubQ: ~0.05-0.2 mL per individual injection depending on technique used; ~20 injections may be needed per cheek. Treatment should be individualized. Separate treatments by ≥2 weeks. Typical course involves 3-6 treatments. Supplemental injections may be needed. Do not overfill contour deficiency. For patients with severe facial fat loss, the average treatment requires ~1 vial per cheek area per treatment.
Route of Administration:
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EPA PESTICIDE CODE |
128929
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201-196-2
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