Hyodeoxycholic acid, also known as HDCA, is a secondary bile acid. Natural 6alpha-hydroxylated bile acids are receptor-specific activators of nuclear liver X receptor alpha (LXRalpha), a nuclear receptor regulating the expression of the cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase gene. AHRO-001 (Hyodeoxycholic acid) is in phase I clinical trials for the treatment of atherosclerosis. Through a complex signaling processes utilizing LXR receptors, the compound is designed to increase the efficiency of cholesterol efflux using the HDL cells, which act on all cholesterol in the arterial circulation as well as in the lipid core of plaque deposits in the artery walls. Use of AHRO-001 has shown no adverse effects on morbidity, mortality or toxicity and has been well tolerated at high doses.

Cartazolate (also known as SQ-65,396) is GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator with potent anxiolytic activity proven in clinical trials. Cartazolate is also known to act as an adenosine antagonist at the A1 and A2 subtypes and as a phosphodiesterase inhibitor.

Cyprenorphine is a mixed agonist-antagonist of opioid receptors. In clinical trials, administration of cyprenorphine induced psychotomimetic effects in pre-operative patients.

Nihydrazone, a feed additive for chickens, has both antibacterial and antiprotozoal activity. It was found to be effective against coccidiosis due to Eimeria tenella and E. necatrix and it prevented an outbreak of cecal coccidiosis, reduced the incidence of "air sac infection," improved weight gains, feed conversions and livability and, in addition, it was active against fowl typhoid.

Cycloheximide is an antibiotic produced by fermentation culture of Streptomyces griseus, Streptomyces noursei, Streptomyces albulus, Streptomyces naraensis, or other cycloheximide-producing microorganism. It was first discovered by A. Whiffen et al. in 1946. She observed the activity of the compound against the yeasts and it became known as the first antifungal antibiotic. Cycloheximide has been marketed as a plant fungicide for many years and this use continues mainly against fungal diseases of turf and for powdery mildew on roses. More recently, cycloheximide has been recognized and is being developed as an abscission agent for citrus fruits and olives. Due to significant toxic side effects, including DNA damage, teratogenesis, and other reproductive effects, cycloheximide is generally used only in in vitro research applications, and is not suitable for human use as a therapeutic compound. Cycloheximide is an antimitotic and an inhibitor of the synthesis of both DNA and protein.

Picolylamine (PA), a derivatizing agent displaying a highly ESI-active pyridyl group that reacts with carboxylic acids in the presence of a condensation agent to form an amide derivative. Picolylamine is used as a derivatization reagent for the detection of endogenous carboxylic acids.

Sulfabenz is an antibacterial; coccidiostat (for poultry).

Cytidine is a substrate of the uridine-cytidine kinase and is a part nucleic acids. It can serve as a substrate for the salvage pathway of pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis, as a precursor of the cytidine triphosphate (CTP) needed in the phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthetic pathway. Cytidine was also used under the brand name posilent in Germany for the treatment of muscular, accommodative, and nervous eye disorders.

Leniquinsin acts as a vasodilator and shows antihypertensive effects. It is a potent rat brain phosphodiesterase inhibitor. Its hypotensive effect would seem to be due to alpha-adrenergic blockade and to a direct action on smooth muscle.

Cloticasone propionate is an ester of an antiinflammation steroid cloticasone.