Potassium Glycyrrhetinate (CAS no. 85985-61-1) is the potassium salt of Glycyrrhetinic Acid. Potassium Glycyrrhetinate is also known as Olean-12-En-29-Oic Acid, 3-Hydroxy-1, 1-Oxo-, Monopotassium Salt. Potassium Glycyrrhetinate functions as a flavoring agent and skin-conditioning agent—miscellaneous in cosmetic products.

Fulvic acid is primarily studied for its effects on plants and soil. Fulvic acid is an organic and natural electrolyte. Depending on the situation, Fulvic acid can act as an electron donor or acceptor and an oxidizer or reducer. Fulvic acid has exhibited the ability to enhance the availability and adsorption of nutrients as well as prolong their time of residence. In the chick animal model Fulvic acid disturbed the processing of procollagen II in articular cartilage. Fulvic acid has being shown to attenuate homocysteine-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression in human monocytes. Fulvic acid, the main active principle of Shilajit (a natural substance found mainly in the Himalayas), blocks tau self-aggregation, opening an avenue toward the study of Alzheimer's therapy. People take fulvic acid by mouth for brain disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, as well as respiratory tract infections, cancer, fatigue, heavy metal toxicity, and preventing a condition in which the body tissues do not receive enough oxygen (hypoxia).

Chrysin (aka 5,7-dihydroxyflavone) is a naturally occurring flavone found in honey, propolis, honeycomb, passion flowers, and Oroxylum indicum. Chrysin is used as an ingredient in dietary supplements and topical medications which are marketed to improve physical performance o treat various conditions. It has also been investigated for its immunoregulatory, anti-inflammatory an neuroprotective properties. Chrysin appears to be poorly absorbed and readily metabolize.

Sodium Ursolate (Ursolic acid sodium salt) is a natural active ingredient derived from many plants. This pentacyclic triterpenoid acid is manufactured by extraction of Salvia officinalis leaves, also known as common sage, Loquat leaves and Olea europea. Sodium Ursolate provides a targeted approach to anti-aging skin repair and sun protection through reactivation, protection and optimization of the skins own cellular mechanisms. Furthermore, it protects and refolds proteins damaged by UV and free radical exposure and stimulates new collagen synthesis to counter the effects of thinning and sagging skin caused by photodamage, inhibits elastase and stabilizes liposomal membranes. It is of most interest to use in Anti-Aging and Anti-Photo-Aging cosmetics products.

Zingerone is one of the active phenolic components isolated from Zingiber officinale. Zingerone is primarily present in dry ginger, but cooking or drying also converts gingerol into zingerone by a retroaldol reaction. Chemically synthesized zingerone is vanillyl acetone, which is a member of the phenolic alkanone group, and its varied pharmacological properties include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. Thus, zingeroneshowed strong anti-angiogenic activity via the inhibition of MMP-2 and MMP-9 during tumor progression. Zingerone was likely to be broad-spectrum anti-inflammatory agents in most organs that suppressed the activation of NF-κB, the production of IL-1β, and the infiltration of inflammatory cells in mice. Zingerone effectively inhibits 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon carcinogenesis in male Wistar rats. Zingerone possess radioprotective effects in laboratory animals and in cultured cells in vitro. Zingerone produced marked improvement in stress induced irritable bowel disorder, which could be attributed to the powerful antioxidant nature, direct effect on the intestinal smooth muscle and adaptogenic nature. Analysis of the qualities that constituted zingerone irritation found that the sensations produced are predominantly burning and warmth, making it qualitatively similar to capsaicin.

Ethyl linoleate (ELA) is an essential fatty acid used in many cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory properties. It inhibits the action of the reactive species of oxygen released by neutrophils due to an excess of bacteria, and prevents the hyperkeratinization induced by a lack of linoleic acid. Though there are few reports stating the antiinflammatory activity of ELA, the mechanism by which ELA exhibits anti-inflammatory activity remains unclear. An aqueous emulsion of ethyl linoleate can be used as parenteral injection for curring ailments where a high plasma-cholesterol level of the blood is indicated. Improvements in liver function tests during the administration of ELA were noticed in almost all cases with a few aggravated exceptions. The administration of ELA can expect the satisfactory response to the patients both with liver cirrhosis and with chronic hepatitis.

Isonicotinamide is the amide form of isonicotinic acid. It is often used as a scaffold for other synthetic compounds. Isonicotinamide has been identified as inducing apoptosis through DNA fragmentation in leukemia cell models and has been studied in mice or the prevention of diabetes. Isonicotinamide activates the NAD-dependent histone deacetylase SIR2 by raising intracellular NAD+ concentration.

The oil obtained from the seeds of the castor oil plant Ricinus communis is one of the oldest drugs known to man. Castor oil is known primarily as an effective laxative; however, it was also used in ancient times with pregnant women to induce labor. Aside from getting rid of acne, castor oil also helps detoxify the skin. It helps break up the oils that clog glands and pores on the face. Only now, have scientists at the Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research succeeded in unravelling the mysteries of the action mechanism. Ricinoleic acid released from the oil in the intestine, is responsible for the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. It was discovered, that G protein-coupled receptors, a large group of receptors in the body involved primarily in transmitting signals in cells. Hundreds of receptors were systematically turned off, and then the reaction of the cells to ricinoleic acid was tested. Ultimately, was succeeded identified the key receptor with the name EP3. There was concluded that after being released from the castor oil, the ricinoleic acid is first of all absorbed by the body via the intestinal mucosa; the EP3 receptor then becomes active on the muscle cells of the intestine and uterus, which in turn stimulates intestinal activity.

Esculin (Esculoside), a coumarin compound derived from the horse chestnut and the traditional Chinese herbs such as Cortex Fraxini, has long been used for treating inflammatory and vascular diseases. The main activities of Esculoside focus on capillary protection, as it improves capillary permeability and fragility. It is reported to inhibit catabolic enzymes such as hyaluronidase and collagenase, thus preserving the integrity of the perivascular connective tissue. Esculin has various biological activities including anti-oxidant activity, intestinal anti-inflammatory activity, anti-cancer activity and growth inhibition of human leukemia cells. Esculin inhibits lipid peroxidation and scavenges hydroxyl radicals in the rat liver and exerts anti-inflammatory activity in both carrageenan- and zymosan-induced paw edema in mice. Esculin has the gastroprotective effect in cold-restraint stress and pylorus ligation-induced ulcer models. Esculin is used in a microbiology laboratory to aid in the identification of bacterial species (especially Enterococci and Listeria).

Tricetin is a dietary flavonoid found in cereals and cereal products, ginkgo nuts, pulses, and tea. It has demonstrated anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects in a number of in vitro model.