Ceftobiprole is a fifth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. It was discovered by Basilea Pharmaceutica and was developed by Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development. The drug is demonstrates activity against clinically important gram-positive pathogens, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, penicilliin-resistant Staphylococcus pneumoniae, and Enterococcus faecalis. The drug also has demonstrated activity against gram-negative bacteria including Citrobacter spp., Escherichia coli, Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., Serratia marcescens, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The drug has gained regulatory authorization from European states for the treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP, excluding ventilator-associated pneumonia, VAP) and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).

Trichloroacetic acid (TCA; TCAA) is a chemical used in skin peel formulations. It is more frequently used for lighter skin and is less used on darker skin because of the higher risks of scarring, as well as post-peel dyschromias. Low concentrations, 10-35% is preferred for skin peel formulations so that it only reaches the upper papillary dermis. Topical TCA is an efficacious treatment of internal anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL). Advantages of TCA for this recurrent disease process include low cost, no requirement for special equipment beyond that for high-resolution anoscopy, and painless application procedure.

Etidronate is a salt of etidronic acid (brand name Didronel, also known as EHDP) a diphosphonate, which is indicated for the treatment of symptomatic Paget’s disease of bone and in the prevention and treatment of heterotopic ossification following total hip replacement or due to spinal cord injury. Didronel is not approved for the treatment of osteoporosis. This drugs acts primarily on bone. It can inhibit the formation, growth, and dissolution of hydroxyapatite crystals and their amorphous precursors by chemisorption to calcium phosphate surfaces. Inhibition of crystal resorption occurs at lower doses than are required to inhibit crystal growth. Both effects increase as the dose increases. Preclinical studies indicate etidronate disodium does not cross the blood-brain barrier. Didronel is not metabolized. The amount of drug absorbed after an oral dose is approximately 3 percent. Bisphosphonates, when attached to bone tissue, are absorbed by osteoclasts, the bone cells that breaks down bone tissue. Although the mechanism of action of non-nitrogenous bisphosphonates has not been fully elucidated, available data suggest that they bind strongly to hydroxyapatite crystals in the bone matrix, preferentially at the sites of increased bone turnover and inhibit the formation and dissolution of the crystals. Other actions may include direct inhibition of mature osteoclast function, promotion of osteoclast apoptosis, and interference with osteoblast-mediated osteoclast activation. Etidronic acid may promote osteoclast apoptosis by competing with adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the cellular energy metabolism. The osteoclast initiates apoptosis and dies, leading to an overall decrease in the breakdown of bone.

Perchloric acid is a strong acid used for complete digestions of organic material. To prevent injury, goggles or face shield, gloves, and apron must be worn. Perchloric acid must not be mixed with any other waste and should be stored separately from the other chemicals.

Metrizoic acid is a diagnostic radiopaque that usually occurs as the sodium salt. The mechanism of action of metrizoic acid is as a X-Ray Contrast Activity.

Metrizoic acid is a diagnostic radiopaque that usually occurs as the sodium salt. The mechanism of action of metrizoic acid is as a X-Ray Contrast Activity.

Nalidixic acid is a quinolone antibacterial indicated for the treatment of urinary tract infections. Nalidixic acid has marked antibacterial activity against gram-negative bacteria including Enterobacter species, Escherichia coli, Morganella Morganii; Proteus Mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, and Providencia rettgeri. Pseudomonas species are generally resistant to the drug. It is suggested that nalidixic acid acts by inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase.

Phytic acid is a major phosphorus storage compound of most seeds and cereal grains. It has the strong ability to chelate multivalent metal ions, especially zinc, calcium, and iron. Phytic acid is also considered to be a natural antioxidant and is suggested to have potential functions of reducing lipid peroxidation and as a preservative in foods. Clathrin-associated adaprot complex AP-2 has it been suggested may act as one of the receptor sites for Phytic acid. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments have demonstrated striking anticancer (preventive as well as therapeutic) effects of Phytic acid.

Thiocyanic acid, also known as hydrogen thiocyanate, is a hydracid that is cyanic acid in which the oxygen is replaced by a sulfur atom. It has a role as an Escherichia coli metabolite. It is a hydracid, a one-carbon compound and an organosulfur compound. It is a conjugate acid of a thiocyanate. It is a tautomer of an isothiocyanic acid. In the past, thiocyanate was used therapeutically to treat severe hypertension, but the results of this therapy were inconsistent from clinic to clinic, and even within a single study. Thiocyanate is believed to play a role in an endogenous antibacterial system (lactoperoxidase/thiocyanate/hydrogen peroxide system) present in milk. It has been added commercially to some milk preparations as an antibacterial agent.

Kanamycin A is aminoglycoside anti-bacterial agent. Active against many strains of Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and epidermis. Some strains of Mycobacterium bacterium are sensitive. Most active in alkaline solution. It binds to bacterial ribosomes and reduces mRNA translation hence reduces protein biosynthesis. However, it also exhibits some toxic effects towards mammalian cells.