Hydroxypethidine, an opioid analgesic is an opioid receptor agonist. Hydroxypethidine is under the control of narcotic drugs according to US Single Convention 1961.

Acetorphine is a synthetic narcotic analgesic. Acetorphine was reported to have uses in veterinary medicine with pronounced advantages in the immobilization of the giraffe in which toxic effects were reduced as compared to the effects of etorphine. In July 1966, the Director-General of the World Health Organization informed the Secretary-General that WHO had arrived at the conclusion that etorphine and acetorphine should be included in Schedule I of the Convention, since they could give rise to similar abuse, and produce similar ill effects as the substances already listed therein. Acetorphine is a Schedule I controlled substance in the United States.

Trimeperidine (promedol) is the earliest and mostly studied opioid analgesic. Trimeperidine stimulates opioid receptors in the central nervous system. Compared with morphine, it has a weaker and shorter analgesic effect, less affects the respiratory, vomiting and vagal centers, does not cause smooth muscle spasm (except for the myometrium), and has a moderate antispasmodic and hypnotic effect. It is used to treat severe pain syndrome, acute left ventricular failure, pulmonary edema, cardiogenic shock, preparation for surgery, childbirth, high fever, post-transfusion complications, poisoning with atropine, barbiturates, barium, gasoline, boric acid, strong acids, carbon monoxide, turpentine, formalin, formalin. It has several side effects. Administration of this substance is associated with the development of life-threatening conditions accompanied by the suppression of respiration center. Analgesic trimeperidine (promedol) was included into the health care kits by various Ministries of the Russian Federation at different times.

CG-400549, also known as CG-0549, is an enoyl-(acyl-carrier protein) reductase fabl inhibitor developed by CrystalGenomics for the treatment of compcolicated acute and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. CG400549 shows potent antimicrobial activity against 203 S. aureus strains and was more potent than either linezolid or vancomycin. An animal study showed that CG-400549has potential for the treatment of staphylococcal infections in mice and rats

Dimenoxadol is an opioid analgesic which produces typical opioid effects such as analgesia and sedation. It is structurally similar to methadone and is a benzilic acid derivative. In the United States it is classified as a Schedule I controlled drug.

Danegaptide (GAP-134) is a small dipeptide gap junction modifier, developed by Wyeth and Zealand Pharma. Danegaptide works by re-establishing of gap junction intercellular communications in adjacent cardiomyocytes, thus reversing cardiac conduction slowing and electrical heterogeneity thought to be responsible for arrhythmias. In a canine model of acute sterile pericarditis, Danegaptide significantly reduced AF duration and overall AF burden. Danegaptide was investigated in phase 2 clinical trial in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). It was found that administrations danegaptide to patients with STEMI did not improve myocardial salvage, and development of the drug was discontinued.

Dimethylthiambutene is the synthetic narcotic analgesic agent. It has analgesic effect similar to those of meperidine. The (+)-enantiomer of dimethylthiambutene is more active than the (-)-isomer. Dimethylthiambutene clinically compared with meperidine (pethidine), but maintains the dependence-producing capability of morphine. It has had illicit use in Japan in the past. Dimethylthiambutene is under international control according to the UN Single Convention 1961 and its amendments, Schedule I.

Semagacestat (LY-450139) was a gamma secretase inhibitor being developed as a treatment for Alzheimer's disease by Eli Lilly. It was hoped that the drug would help to delay the onset of severe Alzheimer's disease, and thereby help preserve cognitive and executive functioning and in turn improve patient quality of life. Semagacestat (LY-450139) is designed to inhibit gamma secretase, an enzyme that is involved in the cleavage of APP to beta-amyloid. By decreasing production of beta-amyloid, it is hoped that gamma secretase inhibitors will exert a disease-modifying effect in Alzheimer's disease and thus slow or halt the destruction of nerve cells – the final stage in the amyloid cascade hypothesis. In March 2008 semagacestat (LY-450139) advanced to Phase III development, where it was evaluated in the IDENTITY (Interrupting Alzheimer's Dementia by EvaluatiNg Treatment of AmyloId PaThologY) trial, the first Phase III trial for this new anti-dementia drug. In August 2010, Eli Lilly announced its decision to halt the development of Semagacestat. The decision was taken after analysing the preliminary results of the second Phase III clinical trial of the drug, which indicated that semagacestat failed to slow disease progression. The drug, in fact, worsened cognition and the ability to perform day-to-day activities.

Paliroden is an orally active drug that activates the synthesis of endogenous neurotrophins or nerve growth factors. Paliroden was investigated in phase II clinical trial in patients with Alzheimer's disease and to evaluate its effect on 18F-Dopa PET imaging in patients with Parkinson's disease. The further development of paliroden was discontinued due to its insufficient efficacy.