Tocofenoxate is a semisynthetic tocopherol derivative. Vitamin E supplement.

Nerispirdine, an acetylcholine release enhancer and a K+/Na+ use-dependent channel blocker, was in clinical development with sanofi-aventis for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Nerispirdine is not proconvulsant. It can inhibit axonal K(+) channels and this mechanism may underlie the ability of the drug to enhance neuronal conduction. Nerispirdine can also inhibit neuronal Na(+) channels, a mechanism that may explain why nerispirdine lacks proconvulsant activity.

IRTEMAZOLE is a uricosuric agent exhibiting a rapid uricosuric effect in normouricemic as well as in hyperuricemic persons.

Ipenoxazone (NC 1200) is a muscle relaxant that is under investigation (phase II) for the treatment of Alzheimer's Dementia, Cognition Disorders. It acts as an Ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonist.

There is a few information about DEXTIOPRONIN. It is an R isomer of N-(2-Mercaptopropionyl)-glycine (MPG), a synthetic aminothiol antioxidant, that is used in the treatment of cystinuria, rheumatoid arthritis, liver and skin disorders.

Paliroden is an orally active drug that activates the synthesis of endogenous neurotrophins or nerve growth factors. Paliroden was investigated in phase II clinical trial in patients with Alzheimer's disease and to evaluate its effect on 18F-Dopa PET imaging in patients with Parkinson's disease. The further development of paliroden was discontinued due to its insufficient efficacy.

Perzinfotel (EAA-090) is a novel squaric acid amide derivative that has been identified as a potential treatment for ischemic brain damage resulting from stroke. EAA-090 is a competitive inhibitor at the NMDA-selective subtype of the glutamate receptor. The compound demonstrates potent inhibitory activity in both in vitro and in vivo models of NMDA-induced excitotoxicity and provides neuroprotective efficacy in several animal models of stroke. EAA-090 is unique among competitive NMDA antagonists in displaying a clear separation between predicted efficacious dose and doses that induce PCP-like psychotomimetic side effects in both animals and humans. This unique profile makes EAA-090 an exciting candidate for assessing the neuroprotective potential of the competitive NMDA mechanism.

Nicoracetam is a nootropic drug from the racetam family.

Tamitinol (also known as EMD 21657), a neurotropic drug that was developed as a cognition enhancer for the treatment of diffuse cerebral disease and organic brain syndrome. Tamitinol participated in clinical trials where the therapeutic effects of the drug were shown to be statistically significant compared to placebo in the global response. However, the treatment was interrupted because of side effects (increased aggressiveness, rash) in 2 cases.

Information in the literature related to the biological and/or pharmacological properties of molracetam is absent.