Eleutheroside D is an eleutheroside, a compound found in roots and stems of Eleutherococcus senticosus, the Siberian ginseng. Eleutheroside D and its diastereoisomer Eleutheroside E thought to be the most pharmacologically active eleutherosides. Placebo-controlled trial tested the effect of eleuthero extract (eleutheroside B in combination with eleutheroside B) on maximal working capacity by bicycle ergometry. Total work and time to exhaustion were significantly greater after eleuthero, compared with placebo phase and baseline.

Eleutheroside E is one of the active constituents of the Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) is also called Harms (ES), Acanthopanax senticosus, Siberian ginseng, or Gasiogapi in Korea. It is a diastereoisomer of Eleutheroside D. Eleutheroside E (EE) significantly decreased the inflammatory cell infiltration, pannus formation, cartilage damage, and bone erosion of collagen-induced arthritis mice, highlighting Eleutheroside E as a potential therapeutic agent for rheumatoid arthritis. Treatment of rat mesangial cells with Eleutheroside E markedly attenuated high glucose induced cells proliferation and in a dose-dependent manner. Intervention with EE also significantly blocked high glucose induced intracellular ROS production by decreasing NADPH oxidase activity. Intervention with EE also significantly blocked high glucose induced intracellular ROS production by decreasing NADPH oxidase activity. EE mediates the hyperglycemic effects of Eleutherococcus senticosus by regulating insulin signaling and glucose utilization. The beneficial effects of EE may provide an effective and powerful strategy to alleviate diabetes. Eleutheroside E exhibited weak inhibition against CYP2C9, CYP2E1 activity, and no effect on CYP2D6 and CYP3A4. The inhibition can result in the increase of the plasma concentration and toxicity of concomitant drugs, especially for those with narrow therapeutic windows such as warfarin, phenobarbital and phenytoin.

Garcinol is a polyisoprenylated benzophenone derivative from the rind of Garcinia indica fruit and is a potent inhibitor of histone acetyltransferases. Garcinol is primarily present in family Clusiaceae and genus Garcinia . Although Garcinia indica is commonly referenced in the scientific literature, it is found in other plant species. Numerous in vitro and scientific animal studies on garcinol document anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and antibacterial activity. In preclinical study Topical application or oral administration of garcinol inhibited TPA-induced ear inflammation in a dose-dependent manner in CD-1 mice. TPA-induced expression of proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 protein was inhibited by topical application of garcinol to the ears of CD-1 mice. UVB-induced ear inflammation and proinflammatory cytokines IL-1 beta and IL-6 were inhibited in mice after oral administration of garcinol. Topical application of garcinol strongly inhibited TPA-induced skin tumor promotion in mice. Garcinol is used as an active ingredient in various topical products for its antioxidant activity. It is also used as an additive ingredient in hydroxycitric acid, purported by some commercial manufacturers to improve lean body mass.

Praziquantel, (+)- is the dextrorotated (+) isomer of Praziquantel. Praziquantel (PZQ) is the drug of choice against schistosomiasis. Since exposure of schistosomes to the drug is associated with calcium influx and muscular contraction, calcium channels have been suggested as the target. It is a specific pharmacological effect seen exclusively with the active levo-R(-)stereo isomer of the drug. Praziquantel, (+)- apparently contributes little to the therapeutic efficacy of Praziquantel. In vivo, single 400-mg/kg oral doses of Praziquantel, (-)- and Praziquantel, (+)- achieved worm burden reductions of 100 and 19%, respectively. Moreover, worms treated in vivo with Praziquantel, (+)- displayed an only transient hepatic shift and returned to the mesenteric veins within 24 h.