U.S. Department of Health & Human Services Divider Arrow National Institutes of Health Divider Arrow NCATS

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Showing 5751 - 5760 of 6013 results

Biperiden, sold under the brandname Akineton was used as an adjunct in the therapy of all forms of parkinsonism (postencephalitic, arteriosclerotic and idiopathic). Was also useful in the control of extrapyramidal disorders due to central nervous system drugs such as phenothiazines and other groups of psychotropics. Biperiden is a weak peripheral anticholinergic agent. It has, therefore, some antisecretory, antispasmodic and mydriatic effects. In addition, biperiden possesses nicotinolytic activity. Parkinsonism is thought to result from an imbalance between the excitatory (cholinergic) and inhibitory (dopaminergic) systems in the corpus striatum. The mechanism of action of centrally active anticholinergic drugs such as biperiden is considered to relate to competitive antagonism of acetylcholine at cholinergic receptors in the corpus striatum, which then restores the balance. Atropine-like side effects such as dry mouth; blurred vision; drowsiness; euphoria or disorientation; urinary retention; postural hypotension; constipation; agitation; disturbed behavior may been seen. Only limited pharmacokinetic studies of biperiden in humans are available.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
Caytine by Lakeside (MerrellNational)
(1959)
Source URL:
First approved in 1959
Source:
Caytine by Lakeside (MerrellNational)
Source URL:

Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (UNKNOWN)



Protokylol, a sympathomimetic drug has been utilized in general clinical practice as a bronchodilator. Protokylol (brand names Caytine, Ventaire) is a β-adrenergic receptor agonist which was used as a bronchodilator in Europe and the United States.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
NANDROLONE DECANOATE by WATSON LABS
(1983)
Source URL:
First approved in 1959

Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)



Nandrolone, also known as 19-nortestosterone or 19-norandrostenolone, is a semisynthetic anabolic-androgenic steroid derived from testosterone. Nandrolone is used in the form of a variety of long-acting prodrug esters for intramuscular injection, the most common of which are nandrolone decanoate. Nandrolone decanoate is indicated for the management of the anemia of renal insufficiency and has been shown to increase hemoglobin and red cell mass. Certain clinical effects and adverse reactions demonstrate the androgenic properties of this class of drugs. Complete dissociation of anabolic and androgenic effects has not been achieved. The actions of anabolic steroids are therefore similar to those of male sex hormones with the possibility of causing serious disturbances of growth and sexual development if given to young children. Anabolic steroids suppress the gonadotropic functions of the pituitary and may exert a direct effect upon the testis. Anabolic steroids have been reported to increase low-density lipoproteins and decrease high-density lipoproteins. Synthetic version of nandrolone was developed in 1950. But nandrolone for sale appeared later only in 1962 in the form of decanoate under the trade name Deca-Durabolin (Organon company).
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
Benzapas by Smith-Dorsey
(1956)
Source URL:
First approved in 1956
Source:
Benzapas by Smith-Dorsey
Source URL:

Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)


Benzoylpas (more known as calcium benzoyl-PAS) is a benzoic acid-modified form of para-aminosalicylate, used to treat pulmonary tuberculosis.
Levallorphan (brand name Lorfan), is an opiate antagonist of morphine family. Levallorphan was formerly used in general anesthesia, mainly to reverse the respiratory depression produced by opioid analgesics and barbiturates used for induction of surgical anaesthesia whilst maintaining a degree of analgesia. Levallorphan was also used in combination with opioid analgesics to reduce their side effects, mainly in obstetrics. The combination of levallorphan with pethidine was used so frequently, a standardized formulation was made available, known as Pethilorfan, by Roche Products Ltd in later 1950s. Is known to be used for narcotic overdose. Levallorphan is similar to naloxone but differs from naloxone in that it also possesses some agonist properties. It acts as an antagonist and partial agonist of the mu opioid receptor (MOR). Levallorphan can produce severe mental reactions at sufficient doses including hallucinations, dissociation, and other psychotomimetic effects, dysphoria, anxiety, confusion, dizziness, disorientation, derealization, feelings of drunkenness, and bizarre, unusual, or disturbing dreams.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
First approved in 1956

Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)


Conditions:

Hydrocortamate is a synthetic glucocorticoid possessing anti-inflammatory properties and acting as a glucocorticoid receptor agonist. Hydrocortamate was used under the brand name Magnacor to treat inflammation due to corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses btut that usage has been discontinued.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
Viadril by Pfizer
(1955)
Source URL:
First approved in 1955
Source:
Viadril by Pfizer
Source URL:

Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)

Conditions:

HYDROXYDIONE is a neuroactive steroid used formerly as a general anesthetic. It was discontinued due to a high incidence of post-anesthetic thrombophlebitis, delayed onset of anesthesia and an unacceptably long duration of action.
Tridihexethyl is a synthetic anticholinergic agent which was marketed under the brand name Pathilon as an adjunct in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. However, it is no longer available in the US market. Tridihexethyl may block all three types of muscarinic receptors including M-1 receptors in the CNS and ganglia, M-2 receptors in the heart, and M-3 receptors. The muscarinic acetylcholine receptors mediate various cellular responses including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, the breakdown of phosphoinositides, and modulation of potassium channels through the action of G proteins. Tridihexethyl inhibits vagally mediated reflexes by antagonizing the action of acetylcholine. This, in turn, reduces the secretion of gastric acids in the stomach. Tridihexethyl was also examined for effect on patients with acquired nystagmus where four out of six patients showed improvement, but due to the profile usage of Tridihexethyl to treat nystagmus was limited.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
First approved in 1954

Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)



Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside derived from the purple foxglove flower. In 1785, the English chemist, botanist, and physician Sir William Withering published his findings that Digitalis purpurea could be used to treat cardiac dropsy (congestive heart failure; CHF). Digoxin has been in use for many years, but was not approved by the FDA for treatment of heart failure (HF) until the late 1990s. Another FDA indication for digoxin is atrial fibrillation (AF). Digoxin also has numerous off-label uses, such as in fetal tachycardia, supra-ventricular tachycardia, cor pulmonale, and pulmonary hypertension. Digitoxin inhibits the Na-K-ATPase membrane pump, resulting in an increase in intracellular sodium and calcium concentrations. Increased intracellular concentrations of calcium may promote activation of contractile proteins (e.g., actin, myosin). Digoxin also has Para sympathomimetic properties. By increasing vagal tone in the sinoatrial and atrioventricular (AV) nodes, it slows the heart rate and AV nodal conduction.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
First approved in 1953

Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (RACEMIC)



CYCRIMINE is an antispasmodic drug used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). It binds the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1, effectively reducing levels of acetylcholine. This decrease in acetylcholine restores the normal dopamine-acetylcholine balance and relieves the symptoms of PD.

Showing 5751 - 5760 of 6013 results