Suriclone is a dithiinopyrrole derivative patented by Rhone-Poulenc S. A. as a sedative and anxiolytic drug. The mechanism of action by which suriclone produces it's sedative and anxiolytic effects is by modulating GABAA receptors, although suriclone is more subtype-selective than most benzodiazepines. In clinical trials, Suriclone shows a significant anxiolytic effect. The most common adverse reaction was dizziness.

Nosiheptide, an archetypal member of thiopeptide antibiotics, arises from post-translational modifications of a ribosomally synthesized precursor peptide that contains an N-terminal leader peptide (LP) sequence and a C-terminal core peptide (CP) sequence. The precursor peptide of nosiheptide (NosM) is comprised of a leader peptide with 37 amino acids and a core peptide containing 13 amino acids. Nosiheptide exhibits potent activity against multidrug-resistant Gram-positive bacterial pathogens. Nosiheptide exhibited extremely potent activity against all contemporary MRSA strains tested including multiple drug-resistant clinical isolates, with MIC values ≤ 0.25 mg l(-1). Nosiheptide was also highly active against Enterococcus spp. and the contemporary hypervirulent BI/NAP1/027 strain of Clostridium difficile but was inactive against most Gram-negative strains tested. Time-kill analysis revealed nosiheptide to be rapidly bactericidal against MRSA in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, with a nearly 2-log kill noted at 6 h at 10 × MIC. Nosiheptide also demonstrated in vivo activity in a murine model of MRSA infection, and therefore represents a promising antibiotic for the treatment of serious infections caused by contemporary strains of MRSA. Nosiheptide also has significant anti-hepatitis B virus (anti-HBV) activity in cell culture.

Teroxalene is a dioxopiperazine derivative with multidrug resistance reversal activity

AstraZeneca was developing AZD-8055, an orally active mTORC1/mTORC2 inhibitor, for the treatment of advanced solid tumours. AZD-8055 is an ATP-competitive mTORC1/2 inhibitor that exhibits immunosuppressive and anticancer chemotherapeutic activities. AZD-8055 promotes antibody class switching in B cells at low doses and decreases B cell proliferation and differentiation at high doses. In vivo, this compound suppresses CC4 and CD8 T cell proliferation, increasing survival among MHC-mismatched heart transplant recipients. In vitro, AZD-8055 decreases viability of brain tumor cells; in vivo, it inhibits tumor growth. AZD-8055 had been in phase I trials by AstraZeneca for the treatment of malignant gliomas and solid tumours. However, this research has been discontinued.

Abexinostat (PCI-24781) is a novel, second-generation phenyl hydroxamic acid–based, orally bioavailable HDAC inhibitor that has previously been shown to have activity in vitro and in vivo against a broad array of cancers, including hematopoietic malignancies and bone and soft-tissue sarcomas. Abexinostat is a pan-HDAC inhibitor mostly targeting HDAC1 with Ki of 7 nM, modest potent to HDACs 2, 3, 6, and 10 and greater than 40-fold selectivity against HDAC8. Abexinostat exhibits potent antitumor activity against a variety of tumor cell lines with GI50 ranging from 0.15 uM to 3.09 uM. PCI-24781 also has an antiproliferative effect on HUVEC endothelial cells with GI50 of 0.43 uM. Abexinostat treatment causes dose-dependent accumulation of both acetylated histones and acetylated tubulin in HCT116 or DLD-1 cells, induces expression of p21, and leads to PARP cleavage and accumulation of the γH2AX. It has also shown good tolerability and activity in Phase I and II clinical trials against lymphoma, as well as against solid tumors in Phase-I trials. Additionally, it acts as a potent radiosensitizing agent and is synergistic with cytotoxic chemotherapy, such as doxorubicin in preclinical models.

Mericitabine is a specific inhibitor of hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication that target NS5B polymerase. Mericitabine, a prodrug, is hydrolyzed in vivo to produce PSI-6130. It had been studied in phase II clinical trials for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. However, while it showed a good safety profile in clinical trials, it was not sufficiently effective to be used as a standalone agent.

Tozadenant (SYN115) is an adenosine A2A receptor antagonist initially developed for treatment of Parkinson's disease but may also have utility in other CNS disorders. A2a receptors are expressed in high concentration in the striatum of the brain and play an important role in regulating motor function. Tozadenant blocks the effect of endogenous adenosine at the A2a receptors, resulting in the potentiation of the effect of dopamine at the D2 receptor and inhibition of the effect of glutamate at the mGluR5 receptor. This enables restoration of motor function in Parkinson’s disease. Tozadenant has the potential for use as mono-therapy or adjunctive therapy in combination with L-Dopa and dopamine agonists for the treatment of the motor and non-motor symptoms associated with Parkinson’s disease. may also have neuroprotective effects, which raises the possibility that it could slow the deterioration of dopamine producing cells and modify disease progression. As was reported in international, multicentre, phase 2b, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, dose-finding clinical trial of tozadenant in levodopa-treated patients with Parkinson's disease who had motor fluctuations tozadenant at 120 or 180 mg twice daily was generally well tolerated and was effective at reducing off-time.

GSK1292263 (GSK263) (5-[({1-[3-(1-methylethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]-4-piperidinyl}methyl)oxy]-2-[4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]pyridine) is a potent and selective agonist at the rodent and human GPR119 receptors that was discovered at GlaxoSmithKline. It has a pEC50 = 6.8 for human, rat and mouse GPR119 receptors expressed in an in vitro reporter assay, and a pEC50 = 8.5 for the stimulation of GLP-1 secretion from GLUTag cells. Like other GPR119 agonists, GSK1292263 increases glucose-sensitive insulin secretion, improves glucose tolerance and enhances the secretion of gut hormones in normal rats. GSK1292263 has finished Phase II clinical trial for Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2.