Clodronate (also known as clodronic acid) is a drug used to treat a high level of calcium in the blood caused by changes in the body that happen with cancer. Clodronate is approved in some countries and is sold under trade trade name bonefos for oral use. Bonefos is indicated in the management of osteolytic lesions, hypercalcemia and bone pain associated with skeletal metastases in patients with carcinoma of the breast or multiple myeloma. Bonefos is also indicated for the maintenance of clinically acceptable serum calcium levels in patients with hypercalcemia of malignancy initially treated with an intravenous bisphosphonate. Bonefos forms complexes with divalent metal ions, and therefore simultaneous administration with food, antacids and mineral supplements may impair absorption. It was suggested, that the mechanism of action of clodronate was involved osteoclast apoptosis.

Clodronate (also known as clodronic acid) is a drug used to treat a high level of calcium in the blood caused by changes in the body that happen with cancer. Clodronate is approved in some countries and is sold under trade trade name bonefos for oral use. Bonefos is indicated in the management of osteolytic lesions, hypercalcemia and bone pain associated with skeletal metastases in patients with carcinoma of the breast or multiple myeloma. Bonefos is also indicated for the maintenance of clinically acceptable serum calcium levels in patients with hypercalcemia of malignancy initially treated with an intravenous bisphosphonate. Bonefos forms complexes with divalent metal ions, and therefore simultaneous administration with food, antacids and mineral supplements may impair absorption. It was suggested, that the mechanism of action of clodronate was involved osteoclast apoptosis.

NADIDE (NAD+) is a coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. NADIDE was marketed under the brand name Enada. Although Enada (NADH) is marketed as a nutritional supplement, Birkmayer Pharmaceuticals has launched two clinical trials to prove scientifically that Enada is effective. Before these studies could get started they had to also prove to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) that the stable oral form of Enada (NADH) is a safe substance. Since the mid-‘80s more than 3,000 parkinsonian patients have received NADH, either as intravenous infusion or in the form of oral tablets. Enada (NADH) is the world‘s first and only stabilized, absorbable, patented, tablet-form NADH dietary supplement. It is now available to everyone whose lifestyle demands increased energy, vitality and mental clarity. In other words, it is beneficial not only for patients suffering from chronic fatigue syndrome, Alzheimer‘s disease, depression or Parkinson‘s disease, but for any normal, healthy individual whose lifestyle demands more energy. NADIDE (NADH) may be considered as a therapeutic adjunct for cancer patients to protect them against the general toxic effects of substances such as doxorubicin or cisplatin by stimulating the DNA repair system and by promoting normal cellular biosynthetic responses after chemotherapy. NADH seems to exhibit a chemo preventive effect.

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is an adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. Adenosine triphosphate is the energy source in living cells. In physiological conditions, the average concentration varies from 3150 mM in mammalian cells to 1500–1900 mM in human blood cells. Extracellular adenosine and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) are involved in biological processes including neurotransmission, muscle contraction, cardiac function, platelet function, vasodilatation, signal transduction and secretion in a variety of cell types. A large family of membrane-bound receptors mediates cell signalling by ATP and adenosine. These purinergic receptors ultimately determine the variety of effects induced by extracellular ATP and adenosine. ATP and adenosine have strong negative chronotropic and dromotropic effects on the mammalian heart. The sensitivity of the sinus node and the atrioventricular node to ATP and adenosine manifests pronounced variability among species. For more than three decades, ATP has been used routinely in Europe in the acute therapy of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. ATPace™, an injectable formulation of adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP), was developed by Cordex Pharma, Inc. (Cordex) as a diagnostic and therapeutic drug for the management of cardiac bradyarrhythmias. Extracellular ATP exerts multiple effects in various cell types by activating cell-surface receptors known as P2 receptors. In the heart, ATP suppresses the automaticity of cardiac pacemakers and atrioventricular (AV) nodal conduction via adenosine, the product of its degradation by ecto-enzymes, as well as by triggering a cardio-cardiac vagal reflex. ATP, given as a rapid intravenous bolus injection, has been used since the late 1940s as a highly effective and safe therapeutic agent for the acute termination of reentrant paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) involving the AV node. In addition, preliminary studies have shown that ATP can also be used as a diagnostic agent for the identification of several cardiac disorders including sinus node dysfunction (sick sinus syndrome), dual AV nodal pathways, long QT syndrome, and bradycardic syncope. The US Food and Drug Administration has approved Cordex formulation for ATP as an Investigational New Drug and two pathways for its marketing approval; one therapeutic, i.e., acute termination of paroxysmal PSVT, and the other diagnostic, i.e., the identification of patients with bradycardic syncope who can benefit from pacemaker therapy. However later ATPace development for the treatment of bradycardia and paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia was discontinued.

Medronic acid (conjugate base, medronate) is a diagnostic agent that is used in complex with technetium Tc-99m for imaging delineate areas of altered osteogenesis. Upon administration the complex binds to hydroxyapatite crystals in bone.

Medronic acid (conjugate base, medronate) is a diagnostic agent that is used in complex with technetium Tc-99m for imaging delineate areas of altered osteogenesis. Upon administration the complex binds to hydroxyapatite crystals in bone.

Maleic acid monosodium salt. Used in water soluble polymers preparation.

Vinburnine is a nutritional product, a peripheral vasodilator with cerebral activities that also act as a cerebral metabolic stimulant and appears to be able to relax the smooth muscle cells within the walls of blood vessels. (+/-)-Eburnamonine is the racemate of the alkaloid Vinburnine. Dextrorotatory, levorotatory, and racemic forms of eburnamonine exist in nature. The (-)-form, also known as vincamone (isolated from Vinca minor), is a drug that possesses a stimulating activity for muscle and is used as cerebrotonic, whereas both enantiomers have hypotensive effects.

Propiram is an orally administered analgesic with partial morphine-like agonist and weak antagonist properties. Analgesic efficacy of propiram, usually 50 or 100mg, appears comparable to that of standard dosages of other oral opioid drugs [i.e. pentazocine, pethidine (meperidine)] in patients with acute pain of moderate to severe intensity arising from various gynaecological and surgical procedures, and may be superior to codeine in gynaecological and postoperative dental pain. Propiram is a non-addictive analgesic for the relief of moderate-to-severe pain. Propiram reached Phase III clinical trials in the United States and Canada, but was discontinued. Propiram is a partial opioid mu receptor agonist.