Acesulfame is a non-nutritive sweetener Acesulfame potassium is a calorie-free artificial sweetener, also known as Acesulfame K or Ace K (K being the symbol for potassium), and marketed under the trade names Sunett and Sweet One. In the European Union, it is known under the E number (additive code) E950. It was discovered accidentally in 1967 by German chemist Karl Clauss at Hoechst AG (now Nutrinova). In chemical structure, acesulfame potassium is the potassium salt of 6-methyl-1,2,3- oxathiazine-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide. Acesulfame K has been approved for a variety of uses in more than 90 countries. In 1998, the FDA broadened the US approval of acesulfame K to allow its use in nonalcoholic beverages. It is often blended with sucralose and used to decrease the bitter aftertaste of aspartame. A wide range of low-calorie foods and drinks contain acesulfame K, including table-top sweeteners, chewing gum, jam, dairy products, frozen desserts, drinks and baked goods. Acesulfame K is not broken down when digested, nor is it stored in the body. After being consumed, it is quickly absorbed by the body and then rapidly excreted, unchanged.

Tricaprylin is a triester of glycerin and caprylic acid. It is used as a fragrance ingredient, solvent, and primarily as an emollient in a variety of personal care products, including makeup, creams and lotions, deodorants, sunscreens, hair conditioners, and skin cleansers. Tricaprylin is an ingredient of Axona, a prescription medical food intended for the clinical dietary management of the metabolic processes associated with mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease. Axona provides a simple and safe method to induce hyperketonemia, thus providing an alternative energy substrate to glucose in the brain of patients with AD. After oral administration of Axona, Tricaprylin in Axona is processed by enzymes in the gut, and the resulting medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) are absorbed into the blood supply leading to the liver. The MCFAs rapidly pass directly to the liver, where they undergo oxidation to form ketones. Since the liver does not use ketones, they are released into the circulation to be used by nonliver tissues. Some ketones can cross the blood-brain barrier and are then taken up by brain cells. While glucose is the brain’s chief energy source, ketones normally serve as the "backup" energy source. Ketones the body produces after Axona is consumed, act as an alternative energy source for brain cells that have lost their ability to use glucose (sugar) as a result of Alzheimer’s disease.

Tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ) or 2-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,4-benzenediol is an antioxdant found to inhibit lipid oxidation. Extensive studies have demonstrated that tBHQ exhibit anti-carcinogenic effect. The ability of tBHQ to induce phase II xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes through an Nrf2-dependent pathway is thought to be responsible for the observed protective effect of tBHQ. It has been proposed that tBHQ enhances Nrf2-mediated transcription by promoting reactive oxygen species-mediated dissociation of Nrf2-Keap1, Nrf2 stabilization, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt activity, and MAPK pathway activation. tBHQ has been commonly used as a synthetic food additive to prevent oils and fats from oxidative deterioration and rancidity due to its potent anti-lipid peroxidation activity.

Methanesulfonic acid is an alkane sulfonic acid in which the alkyl group directly linked to the sulfo- functionality is methyl. Salts and esters of methanesulfonic acid are known as mesylates (or methanesulfonates, as in ethyl methanesulfonate). Methanesulfonic acid is used as an acid catalyst in organic reactions because it is a non-volatile, strong acid that is soluble in organic solvents. Methanesulfonic acid is convenient for industrial applications because it is liquid at ambient temperature. Methanesulfonic acid is also a primary ingredient in rust and scale removers. It is used to clean off surface rust from ceramic, tiles and porcelain which are usually susceptible to acid attack.

Isopropyl Myristate is a synthetic oil used as an emollient, thickening agent or lubricant in beauty products. Isopropyl Myristate is a popular cosmetic and pharmaceutical ingredient. It is most often used as an additive in aftershaves, shampoos, bath oils, antiperspirants, deodorants, oral hygiene products, and various creams and lotions.

LBA (4-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-D-gluconic acid) is an aldonic acid obtained from the oxidation of lactose, with high potential applications as an ingredient in foods and pharmaceutical products, because of its antioxidant, chelating and humectant properties.

Stearoxytrimethylsilane is classified as emollient and skin conditioning agent. It is used in a number of cosmetics formulations. It is derived from stearic acid, a fatty acid obtained from animal fat or plants. When derived from animals, it comes from cows, pigs, sheep, and according to Peta, from dogs and cats euthanized in shelters. Stearic acid is used in cosmetics and lubricants. DOWSIL™ 580 Wax (Stearoxytrimethylsilane (and) Stearyl Alcohol) is a soft, solid mixture of stearyl alcohol and stearoxy trimethylsilane. The cosmetic properties of the wax are a result of the silicone moiety. The inclusion of the stearoxy group involves compatibility with organic ingredients. Hair care and skin care products benefit from the property of this wax to facilitate the formation of a very thin film which is neither oily, tacky or too dry.

1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylglycerol sodium salt (DPPG) is phosphorylglycerol acylated with palmitic acid, that can be used for the preparation of liposomes with negatively charged hydrophilic head groups.