Tyrosine (L-form) is a non-essential amino acid, which is primarily required for the protein synthesis. This amino acid is the precursor of dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine; therefore the lower concentration of tyrosine could be a peripheral marker of the hyperdopaminergic condition hypothesized to explain psychosis. Tyrosine supplements can improve cognition, increase energy, reduce anxiety, reduce depression, reduce levels of pain.

Tyrosine (L-form) is a non-essential amino acid, which is primarily required for the protein synthesis. This amino acid is the precursor of dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine; therefore the lower concentration of tyrosine could be a peripheral marker of the hyperdopaminergic condition hypothesized to explain psychosis. Tyrosine supplements can improve cognition, increase energy, reduce anxiety, reduce depression, reduce levels of pain.

Tyrosine (L-form) is a non-essential amino acid, which is primarily required for the protein synthesis. This amino acid is the precursor of dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine; therefore the lower concentration of tyrosine could be a peripheral marker of the hyperdopaminergic condition hypothesized to explain psychosis. Tyrosine supplements can improve cognition, increase energy, reduce anxiety, reduce depression, reduce levels of pain.

Atosiban (brand name Tractocile) is a competitive antagonist of human oxytocin at receptor level. In rats and guinea pigs, atosiban was shown to bind to oxytocin receptors, to decrease the frequency of contractions and the tone of the uterine musculature, resulting in a suppression of uterine contractions. Atosiban was also shown to bind to the vasopressin receptor, thus inhibiting the effect of vasopressin. Tractocile is indicated to delay imminent pre-term birth in pregnant adult women with: − regular uterine contractions of at least 30 seconds duration at a rate of ≥ 4 per 30 minutes − a cervical dilation of 1 to 3 cm (0-3 for nulliparas) and effacement of ≥ 50% − a gestational age from 24 until 33 completed weeks − a normal foetal heart rate. Atosiban does not have U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for use in the United States.

Linaclotide (marketed under the trade name Linzess and Constella) is a peptide agonist of the guanylate cyclase 2C (GC-C). Once linaclotide and its active metabolite binds to GC-C, it has local effect on the luminal surface of the intestinal epithelium. Activation of GC-C by linaclotide results in the intra- and extracellular increase of cyclic guanosine monophosphate concentrations (cGMP). This elevation of cGMP levels stimulates the secretion of chloride and bicarbonate into the intestinal lumen via activation of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) ion channel. The metabolite of linaclotide MM-419447 (CCEYCCNPACTGC) contributes to the pharmacologic effects of linaclotide. Ultimately, linaclotide helps patients with IBS (especially with constipation) as GI transit is accelerated and the release of intestinal fluid is increased. In animal models, a decrease in visceral pain after administration of linaclotide may be observed. A decrease in the activity of pain-sensing nerves occurs as a result of an increase in extracellular cGMP. It was approved by the FDA in August 2012 for the treatment of chronic idiopathic constipation and irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) in adults.

Forigerimod (also known as IPP-201101) a phosphopeptide is being investigated for the treatment of Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic. This drug is completed phase III clinical trials and is ready for licensing.

Thymopentin is a synthetic pentapeptide which is the active site of the naturally occurring hormone thymopoietin with immunomodulating properties. Thymopentin can specifically promote the differentiation and maturation of thymic T cells and natural killer cells (NK) and enhance the function of T helper cells. thymic can achieve a two-way adjustment to the immune system by increasing the levels of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate, elevating the activity of T cells, and regulating the proportions of T cell subsets. As an immunomodulating agent, Thymopentin is clinically used in the treatments of autoimmune diseases, such as e.g. atopic dermatitis, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Sezary's syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, as well as decreased immune competency in elder surgical patients. Due to poor membrane permeability, extensive metabolism in the GI, and extremely short half-life of 30 s, repeated injections or i.v infusions of Thymopentin are necessary which greatly restrict its clinical applications.