Thymopentin is a synthetic pentapeptide which is the active site of the naturally occurring hormone thymopoietin with immunomodulating properties. Thymopentin can specifically promote the differentiation and maturation of thymic T cells and natural killer cells (NK) and enhance the function of T helper cells. thymic can achieve a two-way adjustment to the immune system by increasing the levels of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate, elevating the activity of T cells, and regulating the proportions of T cell subsets. As an immunomodulating agent, Thymopentin is clinically used in the treatments of autoimmune diseases, such as e.g. atopic dermatitis, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Sezary's syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, as well as decreased immune competency in elder surgical patients. Due to poor membrane permeability, extensive metabolism in the GI, and extremely short half-life of 30 s, repeated injections or i.v infusions of Thymopentin are necessary which greatly restrict its clinical applications.
Approval Year
PubMed
| Title | Date | PubMed |
|---|---|---|
| Recent advances in PEG-PLA block copolymer nanoparticles. | 2010-11-26 |
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| Preparation, characterization and in vivo pharmacodynamic evaluation of thymopentin loaded poly(lactide acid)/poly(lactide-co-glycolide acid) implants. | 2010-10-15 |
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| Preparation of gel-core-solid lipid nanoparticle: a novel way to improve the encapsulation of protein and peptide. | 2010-09 |
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| Inhalable microparticles as carriers for pulmonary delivery of thymopentin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles. | 2010-09 |
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| Novel thymopentin release systems prepared from bioresorbable PLA-PEG-PLA hydrogels. | 2010-02-15 |
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| Direct binding of thymopentin to surface class II major histocompatibility complex in living cells. | 2010-01-14 |
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| [Mediation of cellular immune response by TP5 in pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis]. | 2009-12-22 |
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| Involvement of NF-kappaB transcription factor in the antiinflammatory activity of thymic peptides. | 2009-12-10 |
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| Characterization of a new inhalable thymopentin formulation. | 2009-06-22 |
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| [Immunomodulatory effects of thymopentin under acute and chronic inflammations in mice]. | 2009-05-01 |
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| Dry powder inhalations containing thymopentin and its immunomodulating effects in Wistar rats. | 2009-03-02 |
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| Synthesis, characterization and biological activities of thymopentin ethyl ester. | 2008-11 |
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| Expression of thymosin alpha1-thymopentin fusion peptide in Pichia pastoris and its characterization. | 2008-11 |
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| Effects of thymic polypeptides on the thymopoiesis of mouse embryonic stem cells. | 2008-10 |
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| [Effect of thymopentin on production of cytokines, heat shock proteins, and NF-kappaB signaling proteins]. | 2008-09-06 |
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| [Thymopentin 5 in treatment of relapse after extended thymectomy: a randomized comparative clinical trial of 135 patients with myasthenia gravis]. | 2008-08-26 |
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| [Preparation of sustained release multivesicular liposome for thymopentin and preliminary study on its pharmacokinetics in rats]. | 2008-07 |
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| Preparation and evaluation of poly-butylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles for oral delivery of thymopentin. | 2008-06 |
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| Protease-catalyzed synthesis of a precursor dipeptide, Z-Asp-Val-NH2 of thymopentin, in organic solvents. | 2008 |
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| Synthesis of a precursor dipeptide of thymopentin in organic solvents by an enzymatic method. | 2008 |
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| Molecular analysis of thymopentin binding to HLA-DR molecules. | 2007-12-26 |
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| [Study on the efficacy and safety of high dose thymopentin combined with trans-artery chemoembolization for primary liver cancer]. | 2007-12 |
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| Lectin-conjugated PLGA nanoparticles loaded with thymopentin: ex vivo bioadhesion and in vivo biodistribution. | 2007-10-18 |
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| [Research on thymopentin-loaded N-trimethyl chitosan nanoparticles administered through mouth]. | 2007-09 |
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| Conjugation of thymopentin (TP5) with lipoamino acid residues increases the hydrolytic stability and preserves the biological activity. | 2007-09 |
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| Thymic reticulo-epithelial cells: key cells of neuroendocrine regulation. | 2007-07 |
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| Immunotherapy with canarypox vaccine and interleukin-2 for HIV-1 infection: termination of a randomized trial. | 2007-01-26 |
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| Preparation and evaluation of lectin-conjugated PLGA nanoparticles for oral delivery of thymopentin. | 2006-12-01 |
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| Chemical synthesis and application of C-terminally 5-carboxyfluorescein-labelled thymopentin as a fluorescent probe for thymopoietin receptor. | 2006-12 |
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| [The C-terminal fragment of thymopoietin forms F-actin bundles: electron microscopic data]. | 2006-11-30 |
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| Thymopentin-loaded pH-sensitive chitosan nanoparticles for oral administration: preparation, characterization, and pharmacodynamics. | 2006-10-20 |
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| Thymopentin (TP5), an immunomodulatory peptide, suppresses proliferation and induces differentiation in HL-60 cells. | 2006-10 |
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| Research on thymopentin loaded oral N-trimethyl chitosan nanoparticles. | 2006-09 |
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| Meta-analysis: the adjuvant role of thymopentin on immunological response to hepatitis B virus vaccine in end-stage renal disease. | 2006-06-01 |
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| Pharmacokinetics, toxicity of nasal cilia and immunomodulating effects in Sprague-Dawley rats following intranasal delivery of thymopentin with or without absorption enhancers. | 2006-04 |
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| [Withdrawal symptoms of ethanol are ameliorated by thymopentin in mice]. | 2005-12-18 |
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| The peptide molecular links between the central nervous and the immune systems. | 2005-11 |
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| Statistical dissection of cytogenetic patterns in lung cancer reveals multiple modes of karyotypic evolution independent of histological classification. | 2004-10-15 |
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| Increased radiation toxicity by enhanced apoptotic clearance of HL-60 cells in the presence of the pentapeptide thymopentin, which selectively binds to apoptotic cells. | 2004-03-14 |
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| Trypsin-catalyzed kinetically controlled synthesis of a precursor dipeptide of thymopentin in organic solvents, using a free amino acid as nucleophile. | 2004-02 |
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| Quantitative analysis with desorption/ionization on silicon mass spectrometry using electrospray deposition. | 2003-10-15 |
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| [Controlled clinical study on 49 patients of SARS treated by integrative Chinese and Western medicine]. | 2003-09 |
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| Analogs of RGDVY and GRGD peptides inhibit Mycobacterium kansasii phagocytosis. | 2003-08 |
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| MS2Assign, automated assignment and nomenclature of tandem mass spectra of chemically crosslinked peptides. | 2003-08 |
|
| [Stability evaluation of thymopentin in preparation process]. | 2003-04 |
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| [Clinical trial to verify the value of the CD14(+) monocyte human leukocyte antigen DR as a marker in evaluating immunosuppression in patients with severe sepsis]. | 2003-03 |
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| [Therapeutic effects of Lamivudine in combination with Thymopentin on chronic hepatitis B]. | 2002-12 |
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| Thymosin-like peptides as potential immunostimulants. Synthesis via the polymeric-reagent method. | 1990-01 |
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| Zidovudine therapy of asymptomatic HIV1-infected patients and combined zidovudine-acyclovir therapy of HIV1-infected patients with oral hairy leukoplakia. | 1989-04 |
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| Effect of subcutaneous thymopentin treatment in drug addicts with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy. | 1987-03 |
Patents
| Substance Class |
Protein
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| Protein Sub Type | |
| Sequence Type | COMPLETE |
| Record UNII |
1938Y8P51M
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| Record Status |
FAILED
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| Record Version |
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89318-88-7
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DTXSID80237615
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177966-81-3
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NON-SPECIFIC STOICHIOMETRY |
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PARENT -> SALT/SOLVATE |
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ACTIVE MOIETY |
Agent Modifications
| Modification Process | Modification Role | Modification Type | Amount | Fragment Name | Fragment ID |
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| SALT FORMATION | CHEMICAL |
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Acetic acid | Q40Q9N063P |
| Name | Property Type | Amount | Referenced Substance | Defining | Parameters | References |
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| MOL_WEIGHT:NUMBER AVERAGE(CALCULATED) | CHEMICAL |
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| Molecular Formula | CHEMICAL |
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