Bufexamac is a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) used in topical formulations to treat dermatological diseases (eczema and dermatitis) and proctological conditions (haemorrhoids and anal fissure). Bufexamac-containing medicines have been available in EU Member States since the 1970s. In 2010 European Medicines Agency recommends revocation of marketing authorisations for bufexamac due to high risk of contact allergies. The phenolic bufexamac decomposition products could be the reason for its eczema-provoking properties frequently described in the literature. Bufexamac is a class IIb histone deacetylase (HDAC6, HDAC10) inhibitor. Bufexamac also triggered an HDAC6-independent, hypoxia-like response by stabilizing Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha, providing a possible mechanistic explanation of its adverse, pro-inflammatory effects. Bufexamac was capable of specifically inhibiting leukotriene A4 hydrolase and attenuating lung inflammation in acute lung injury mouse model.

Tolfenamic acid is a selective COX-2 inhibitor, which was marketed in Europe for the treatment of acute migraine disorders. Tolfenamic acid is currently unavailable for human use, however, it may be prescribed for veterinary purposes.

Diphenpyramide is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory compound, that has been studied in degenerative and inflammatory arthropathies treatment. In animal tests, Diphenpyramide showed anti-inflammatory action as powerful as that of indomethacin or phenylbutazone, with major peripheral analgesic, antipyretic and uricosuric properties. The therapeutic index was more favorable than that of the reference compounds. Diphenpyramide inhibits the synthesis of inflammatory prostaglandins and antagonizes the mediators of inflammation, but does not affect platelet aggregation or blood clotting. The anti-inflammatory action of diphenpyramide has been extensively proven in clinical trials in which patients with various inflammatory conditions, mainly of a musculoskeletal nature, were treated. The overall therapeutic efficacy was over 80% with a high proportion of osteoarthritis. In double-blind studies, the efficacy of Diphenpyramide was significantly better than that of acetylsalicylic acid or indomethacin in osteoarthritis and comparable with that of naproxen. Side-effects were seldom reported, were mild and transient and mainly of a gastrointestinal nature.

Proglumetacin (usually as the maleate salt, trade names Afloxan, Protaxon and Proxil) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Proglumetacin is indicated for the pain and inflammation associated with musculoskeletal and joint disorders. The action of proglumetacin maleate is qualitatively the same as that of indomethacin in vivo; that is, it inhibits cyclo-oxygenase in inflammatory sites.

Nimesulide is a relatively COX-2 selective, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Its approved indications are the second line treatment of acute pain and primary dysmenorrhoea. Due to concerns about the risk of hepatotoxicity, nimesulide has been withdrawn from market in many countries.

Pirprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, related structurally to drugs such as ibuprofen, ketoprofen and naproxen. Pirprofen was introduced by Ciba-Geigy in 1982 as a treatment for rheumatic diseases. In 1990 due to adverse effects, including some cases of fatal liver toxicity the manufacturers decided to discontinue marketing it worldwide. Pirprofen proved to be useful in the management of both rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis and as an analgesic. In doses of 600-800 mg/d, pirprofen has been found to be as effective as, but not superior to, aspirin 3.6 g/d in relieving the more common symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. Pirprofen is as effective as, but not superior to, other available NSAIDs in terms of efficacy, tolerability, and incidence of adverse effects. The recommended dosage in osteoarthritis is 450-600 mg/d.

Flufenamic acid is a member of the anthranilic acid derivatives class of NSAID drugs. Like other members of the class, it is a COX inhibitor and prevents the formation of prostaglandins. Flufenamic acid is known to bind to and reduce the activity of prostaglandin F synthase and activate TRPC6.

Vedaprofen is a PGE2 synthase inhibitor approved in Europe for the treatment of pain in horses and dogs.

Proquazon, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent that was studied to use in the management of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. The biochemical mechanism of action of proquazon via the inhibition of the core protein synthesis of proteoglycans and the secondary biosynthesis of the glucosamine.

Kebuzone is a cyclooxygenase inhibitor that was used for the treatment of different inflammatory conditions such as thrombophlebitis and rheumatoid arthritis. The current marketing status of the drug is unknown and supposed to be discontinued.