MERSALYL (Mersal) is an organomercury compound, mercurial diuretics that superseded by safer diuretics such as thiazides, and is hardly used anymore. Due to the idiosyncratic nature of mercury toxicity, the risk of severe disease and sudden death are unpredictable and frequently show no warning signs. Mercurial diuretics cause diuresis by reducing the reabsorption sodium in the ascending loop of Henle, thus causing more water being delivered to the distal convoluted tubule. Unfortunately, earlier physicians misconstrued hallmark symptoms of mercury poisoning such as excessive salivation as signs of mercury's efficacy, including up until the early 1960s when the use of mercurial diuretics was halted in medicine.

Vinburnine is a nutritional product, which is semi-synthesized from vincamine. It is a peripheral vasodilator with cerebral activities that also act as a cerebral metabolic stimulant and appears to be able to relax the smooth muscle cells within the walls of blood vessels. Some evidence also suggests that vinburnine stimulates acetylcholine neurotransmission. Acetylcholine is a very important neurotransmitter responsible for a number of cognitive functions, such as memory and learning.

Tiracizine a drug belongs to the new class I antiarrhythmic agent was studied in patients with ischemic heart disease, where was shown, that the drug could decrease myocardial contractile function.

Suloctidil is considered to be calcium antagonist. In addition to its vascular antispasmodic activity, suloctidil affects blood platelets and enhances brain energy metabolism. Suloctidil was being evaluated in many clinical trials for use in dementia and thrombotic disorders. Suloctidil induces hepatotoxicity.

Zofenopril is an inhibitor of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE), which is approved in Europe for the treatment of hypertension and acute myocardial infarction.

Cilazapril (Vascace and Dynorm are brand names in a number of European countries) is an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE; kininase II) inhibitor. It competes with angiotensin I for binding at the angiotensin-converting enzyme, blocking the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Cilazapril is a prodrug that is hydrolyzed after absorption to its main metabolite cilazaprilat. The half-life (30–50 hours) of cilazapril allows for once daily dosing unless the hypertension is severe. Cilazapril is used for the treatment of hypertension, congestive heart failure, post-myocardial infarction, and some other indications. Adverse events were mostly observed within the first 8-16 weeks of treatment, with headache, dizziness, fatigue, nausea, cough and chest pain being the most frequent.

Calcium dobesilate (brand name Doxium) is a veno-tonic drug, which is widely prescribed in more than 60 countries from Europe, Latin America, Asia and the Middle East for three main indications: chronic venous disease, diabetic retinopathy and the symptoms of haemorrhoidal attack. This drugs also in the phase III of clinical trial is an effective adjuvant therapy, with an absence of significant side-effects, in patients with venous ulcers and stasis dermatitis. It was suggested, that the inhibitory effect of calcium dobesilate on platelet function is mediated through the cyclic AMP pathway, and probably through activation of adenyl cyclase.

Etofylline [7-(2-hydroxyethyl)theophylline] is a N-7-substituted derivative of theophylline, a smooth muscle relaxant. Etofylline is used to relieve bronchoconstriction. It may act as a phosphodiesterase inhibitor and adenosine receptor antagonist.

Xanthinol (xanthinol nicotinate) is a xanthine derivative, peripheral vasodilator agent. It exerts it`s pharmacological action by acting as a vasodilator and improves blood flow to brain, arteries, and to the periphery. It increases brain glucose metabolism and thus improves brain ATP levels. It stimulates memory and concentration elevates brain energy levels. Indications for Xanthinol Nicotinate: 1. Peripheral vascular sclerosis 2. Cerebral circulatory disorders 3. Arteriosclerosis 4. Endarteritis obliterans 5. Short term memory disorders 6. Mental flagging 7. Anti ageing memory support 8. Diabetic angiopathy 9. Diabetic gangrene 10. Hyperlipidaemia 11. Intermittent claudication Side Effects of Xanthinol Nicotinate: 1. Flushing 2. Feeling of warmth 3. Nausea 4. Heart burn 5. Vomiting 6. Itching of skin For 30 years, Xanthinol nicotinate has been on the market for the treatment of impaired brain function, i.e., organic brain syndromes of various etiologies. Controlled double-blind phase-III clinical trials have shown that xantinol nicotinate is also an effective drug in the treatment of dementia. Xanthinol nicotinate is also helpful in the management of leg ulcers associated with haemoglobinopathies. Xanthinol was approved as a drug in 1998 in Canada and nowadays its status is cancelled post marketing. The positively charged xanthinol ion is thought to help the transportation of the nicotinic acid into the cell since the later cannot freely diffuse through the cell membrane. The mechanism of action is thought to be related to present influence in the cell metabolism through the nucleotides NAD and NADP. Also, the nicotinic acid is a coenzyme for a lot of proteins involved in tissue respiration (Embden-Meyerhof and citrate cycle). The effect of xanthinol nicotinate causes an increase in glucose metabolism and energy gain.

Potassium canrenoate (INN, JAN) or canrenoate potassium (USAN) (brand names Venactone, Soldactone), the potassium salt of canrenoic acid, is an aldosterone antagonist of the spirolactone group. Like spironolactone, it is a prodrug, which is metabolized to canrenone in the body. Potassium canrenoate is not licensed in the UK, but may sometimes be prescribed off-licence to treat oedema. It is given intravenously. Potassium canrenoate is a mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonist. The blockade with MR antagonist have beneficial effects in patients with heart failure and myocardial infarction, often attributed to blocking aldosterone action in the myocardium.