Udenafil is a new phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor used to treat erectile dysfunction. Udenafil inhibits the cyclic GMP specific phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) which is responsible for degradation of Cyclic GMP in the corpus cavernosum located around the penis. Cyclic GMP causes smooth muscle relaxation and increased blood flow into the corpus cavernosum. So the inhibition of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) by Udenafil enhances erectile function by increasing the amount of Cyclic GMP. Udenafil has proven to have high efficacy and a favorable safety profile for a broad spectrum of erectile dysfunction patients, which are comparable to those of other PDE5Is. Due to the clinical properties of relatively rapid onset and long duration of action, Udenafil may be a better option for erectile dysfunction treatment according to patient-specific sex-life patterns. Udenafil is as effective in the treatment of diabetes mellitus-associated erectile dysfunction as other PDE5Is. Recent data suggest that the concomitant use of anti-hypertensive drugs does not significantly affect the efficacy and safety profile. Also, due to its clinical properties, Udenafil can be a daily-dosing option for the treatment of erectile dysfunction, as suggested by its favorable efficacy and safety profile. Udenafil has been approved in South Korea and will be marketed under the brand name Zydena.

Meladrazine is a drug used in urology as an antispasmodic. Meladrazine acts on the central nervous system as a polysynaptic inhibitor. Its usefulness in treating spasticity in patients with multiple sclerosis is well known. As many of these patients have bladder problems, a coincidental beneficial effect on uninhibited bladders has been discovered. Meladrazine caused a high incidence of side effects; therefore, treatment with terodiline separately is recommended for geriatric patients who have severe motor urge incontinence.

Dapoxetine hydrochloride is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRIs). In addition, dapoxetine inhibits voltage-dependent K+ (Kv) channels in a dose-, time-, use-, and state (open)-dependent manner, independent of serotonin reuptake inhibition. Dapoxetine is indicated for the treatment of premature ejaculation (PE) in men 18 to 64 years of age, who have all of the following: persistent or recurrent ejaculation with minimal sexual stimulation before, on, or shortly after penetration and before the patient wishes; and marked personal distress or interpersonal difficulty as a consequence of PE; and poor control over ejaculation. The mechanism of action of dapoxetine in premature ejaculation is presumed to be linked to the inhibition of neuronal reuptake of serotonin and the subsequent potentiation of the neurotransmitter's action at pre- and post-synaptic receptors. The most common effects when taking dapoxetine are nausea, dizziness, dry mouth, headache, diarrhea, and insomnia.

Succinimide a chemical compound used in different organic syntheses. Succinimides are compounds that contain the succinimide group, a pharmacophore, responsible for the anticonvulsant effect. Succinimides used to control certain seizures in the treatment of epilepsy, by acting on the central nervous system.

Fesoterodine (trade name Toviaz) is a prodrug of 5-hydroxymethyl tolterodine, which is also the active metabolite of tolterodine. Fesoterodine and its active metabolites are nonsubtype selective, competitive antagonists of human muscarinic receptors, but 5-hydroxymethyl tolterodine has greater potency than the parent compound. A prodrug approach was necessary for systemic bioavailability of 5-hydroxymethyl tolterodine after oral administration. Fesoterodine was originated by Schwarz Pharma (later a subsidiary of UCB) and is being developed by Pfizer for the treatment of overactive bladder and urinary urge incontinence. The agent is launched in several countries for the treatment of overactive bladder, including the US, Japan, Canada, Europe and Asia.

The ammonium cation is a positively charged polyatomic ion with the chemical formula NH4+. Ammonium ions are a waste product of the metabolism of animals. In fish and aquatic invertebrates, it is excreted directly into the water. In mammals, sharks, and amphibians, it is converted in the urea cycle to urea, because urea is less toxic and can be stored more efficiently. In birds, reptiles, and terrestrial snails, metabolic ammonium is converted into uric acid, which is solid and can therefore be excreted with minimal water loss. Ammonium is an important source of nitrogen for many plant species, especially those growing on hypoxic soils. However, it is also toxic to most crop species and is rarely applied as a sole nitrogen source. The ammonium ion (NH4+) in the body plays an important role in the maintenance of acid-base balance. The kidney uses ammonium (NH4+) in place of sodium (Na+) to combine with fixed anions in maintaining acid-base balance, especially as a homeostatic compensatory mechanism in metabolic acidosis. When a loss of hydrogen ions (H+) occurs and serum chloride (Cl–) decreases, sodium is made available for combination with bicarbonate (HCO3–). This creates an excess of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) which leads to a rise in blood pH and a state of metabolic alkalosis. The therapeutic effects of Ammonium (as Ammonium Chloride) depend upon the ability of the kidney to utilize ammonia in the excretion of an excess of fixed anions and the conversion of ammonia to urea by the liver, thereby liberating hydrogen (H+) and chloride (Cl–) ions into the extracellular fluid.

Magnesium diamide is used as a chemical intermediate. Magnesium diamide is spontaneously combustible. It is toxic by inhalation. Skin or eye contact may cause severe burns.

Olaflur (amine fluoride 297, trade name elmex gel) is a fluoride-containing substance that is an ingredient of toothpastes and solutions for the prevention of dental caries. Especially in combination with dectaflur, it is also used in the form of gels for the treatment of early stages of caries, sensitive teeth, and by dentists for the refluoridation of damaged tooth enamel. Olaflur is a salt consisting of an alkyl ammonium cation and fluoride as the counterion. With a long lipophilic hydrocarbon chain, the cation has surfactant properties. It forms a film layer on the surface of teeth, which facilitates incorporation of fluoride into the enamel. The top layers of the enamel's primary mineral, hydroxylapatite, are converted into the more robust fluorapatite. The fluoridation reaches only a depth of a few nanometres, which has raised doubts whether the mechanism really relies on the formation of fluorapatite.

Terodiline is a racemic compound, and its main indication was detrusor instability syndrome. With effects on detrusor muscles, terodiline was used for bladder incontinence. Terodiline has both anticholinergic and calcium antagonist properties and, as a result, effectively reduces abnormal bladder contractions caused by detrusor instability. When administered to adult patients with urge incontinence (generally as a 25mg twice-daily dose) terodiline reduces diurnal and nocturnal micturition frequency and incontinence episodes. The (R)-enantiomer of terodiline (R( )-terodiline) can trigger cardiovascular toxicities, such as LQTS and TdP, which led to its withdrawal in 1991. Terodiline under the brand name Micturin was licensed and marketed in the United Kingdom, in 1986, for the management of a specific form of urinary incontinence, detrusor instability. It was eventually marketed in 20 other countries, mainly in Europe and Japan, but not the United States of America.