Calcium salicylate is the calcium salt of salicylic acid. The anti-cancer effectiveness of calcium salicylate has been investigated on human HT-1080 fibrosarcoma cell lines. Low calcium salicylate concentrations did not retard tumor growth progression significantly but its cytotoxic characteristics were proven to be prominent by various morphological and immunocytological techniques - approximately 25% apoptosis after treatment with calcium salicylate. This compound up-regulated the expression of p53, p21 and Bax, and down-regulated Bcl-2 in HT-1080 cells. In addition, calcium salicylate is used in root canal filling material development.

Sodium gualenate (Azunol ST Tablets) is a water-soluble derivative of azulene, a natural product which is an antiinflammatory component of chamomile of the family of Asteraceae. Sodium gualenate was originally studied as an antiulcer agent, is primary indicated in conditions like Duodenal ulcer, Gastric ulcer, Gastritis, but it is also clinically used as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of inflammation of the mouth and throat, for example, pharyngitis as well as other inflammatory diseases such as tonsillitis, stomatitis and conjunctivitis. Although the mechanism by which sodium azulene sulfonate inhibited the capsaicin-induced pharyngitis is not yet unraveled, antioxidative effect, but not inhibitory effect on cyclooxygenase pathway, might be involved.

Feclobuzone (AE9) is one of the pyrazolone series of cyclooxygenase inhibitors with NSAID analgesic, antiinflammatory and antipyretic activities. Feclobuzone is a potential binding molecule of 3C-like proteinase of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus as identified by virtual screening.

Ethenzamide is an anti-inflammatory agent that was used for the treatment of common cold in Japan (in combinations with other NSAIDs).

Felbinac, an active metabolite of fenbufen, is two times more potent than the parent drug. Felbinac is used topically to alleviate pain in the joints and muscles caused by injury or inflammation (Trixam 3% gel or foam). The drug is believed to exert its action by inhibiting COX-2 protein.

Palmidrol (palmitoylethanolamide, PEA) is a natural fatty acid amide found in a variety of foods, which was initially identified in egg yolk. It is an endogenous compound, locally synthesized in animal and human tissues and body fluids, to protect against perturbing inflammation. In addition to its anti-inflammatory activity, palmidrol (palmitoylethanolamide, PEA) also produces analgesia, neuroprotection, and possesses anti-epileptic properties. It also reduces gastrointestinal motility and cancer cell proliferation, as well as protecting the vascular endothelium in the ischemic heart. The physiological stimuli that regulate palmidrol (palmitoylethanolamide, PEA) levels in mammalian tissues are largely unknown, however, multiple studies indicate that this lipid accumulates during cellular stress, particularly following tissue injury. Palmidrol (palmitoylethanolamide, PEA) is a potent and selective agonist of orphan receptor GPR55.

Propyphenazone is a pyrazolone derivative with anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activity. The coupling of propyphenazone with other widely used acidic NSAIDs such as ketoprofen, ibuprofen, and diclofenac produced mutual prodrugs with synergistic analgesic effects. It was introduced for the treatment of different types of pain and fever and rheumatic disorders. Propyphenazone structurally relates to aminophenazone it has been associated with severe blood dyscrasias.

Deracoxib (trade name Deramaxx, Novartis) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug of the coxib class, used in veterinary medicine for the control of postoperative pain and inflammation associated with orthopedic and dental surgery and for the control of pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis in dogs. Data indicate that deracoxib inhibits the production of PGE1 and 6-keto PGF1 by its inhibitory effects on prostaglandin biosynthesis. Deracoxib was shown to have antitumor effect against transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder.

Oxaceprol, a structural analog of hydroxyproline, has been used for several years for the treatment of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, showing good gastrointestinal safety, particularly in comparison with NSAIDs. It was shown that oxaceprol does not inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins in vitro, but acts predominantly by inhibiting leukocyte adhesion and migration, thus inhibiting inflammation at an early stage and helps in pain relief.

Robenacoxib (trade name Onsior) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used in veterinary medicine for the relief of pain and inflammation in cats and dogs. In an inflammation model in cats, Robenacoxib had analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic actions with a rapid onset of action (0.5 h). In an in vitro whole blood assay in cats, Robenacoxib demonstrated selective COX-2 inhibition. After oral administration of robenacoxib tablets at 1 mg/kg without food, peak blood concentrations are attained rapidly with a median Tmax of 0.5 h, a mean Cmax of 1159 ng/ml and a mean AUC of 1337 ng*h/ml. Robenacoxib persists longer in the inflammatory exudate of a tissue cage model than in blood. The median Robenacoxib elimination half-life in exudate was about 27 hours versus 2.5 hours for blood. Robenacoxib is extensively metabolized by the liver in cats. The systemic exposure of lactam metabolite is about 25% of Robenacoxib exposure following oral administration to fed cats. Further, the systemic exposure to lactam appears to be two-fold greater in fed cats than fasted cats. Apart from one lactam metabolite, the identity of other metabolites is not known in cats.