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Restrict the search for
acetylcholine
to a specific field?
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
Cantor by Clin Midy [France]
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Targets:
Minaprine, a psychotropic drug, which was effective in the treatment of various depressive states. This drug was withdrawn because of the serious side effect. It was found, that minaprine inhibited the following enzymes, acetylcholinesterase and monoamine oxidase (MOA) A. It also binds to dopamine D1 and D2 receptors. Experiments on rodents also have revealed that minaprine suppressed the inhibitory effect of hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) on dopamine (DA) release via the inhibition of 5-HT binding at the 5-HT2 receptor on the nerve terminal.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (RACEMIC)
Conditions:
Bevonium is a parasympatolytic antimuscarinic compound. It possesses spasmolytic properties. The use of the drug is discontinued.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
Zamifenacin by Sumitomo Industries
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Zamifenacin, also known as UK-76654, a selective muscarinic M3 receptor antagonist, was studied in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). This drug participated in clinical trials for the IBS phase III in the USA and phase II in the UK, but these studies were discontinued.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Targets:
Conditions:
22,23-dihydro-avermectin B1a is a major form of Ivermectin mixture (more than 90%). It is a broad-spectrum anthelmintic (worms), microfilaricide (heartworms), and miticide (mites) drug, used for horses, cattle, pigs, household pets. Ivermectin used in humans, especially for river blindness. Ivermectin binds selectively and with high affinity to glutamate-gated chloride ion channels in invertebrate muscle and nerve cells of the microfilaria.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
Phenacon by Russia
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Conditions:
Fenaclon is an anticonvulsant. It was developed in the former USSR. It is indicated for the treatment of epilepsy.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
NCT04274673: Phase 4 Interventional Unknown status Chronic Pain, Acute Pain, Cotinine, Hysterectomy
(2019)
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Targets:
Cotinine is a product formed after the chemical nicotine enters the body. Measuring cotinine in people’s blood is the most reliable way to determine exposure to nicotine for both smokers and nonsmokers exposed to environmental tobacco smoke. Cotinine is safe, non-addictive and has pharmacokinetic properties adequate for therapeutic use. Research has shown that cotinine has antipsychotic, anxiolytic, and antidepressant properties and modulates the serotonergic, cholinergic and dopaminergic systems. Cotinine behaves as a positive allosteric modulator of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and has anti-inflammatory effects. Cotinine is under investigation as an agent for the treatment of depression, PTSD, schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Pitofenone is a spasmolytic agent. It exerts anticholinesterase and antimuscarinic activities. Pitofenone is used to relieve pain and spasms of smooth muscles. Pitofenone is also used for the treatment of back pain, sprains, and strains. Pitofenone is used in combination along with fenpiverinium bromide, and metamizole sodium. The drug is currently sold in Eastern Europe and India under various trade names. The combined preparation possesses strong analgesic, spasmolytic, cholinolytic and anti-inflammatory effects on the smooth muscles predominantly of the gastrointestinal and urogenital tract. Indications are strong pain in gastric or intestinal colic, kidney and gallstones, and for painful menstruation. Pitofenone hydrochloride present in the combination exerts papaverin-like spasmolytic effect on the vascular and extra-vascular smooth muscles of the stomach, intestines, urinary tract, biliary tract, and uterus.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
NCT01636947: Phase 4 Interventional Completed Nausea
(2012)
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Targets:
Conditions:
Tropisetron (Tropisetron-AFT) is a potent and selective serotonin 3 (5-hydroxytryptamine3; 5-HT3) receptor antagonist with antiemetic properties, probably mediated via antagonism of receptors both at peripheral sites and in the central nervous system. Surgery and treatment with certain substances, including some chemotherapeutic agents, may trigger the release of serotonin from enterochromaffin-like cells in the visceral mucosa and initiate the emesis reflex and its accompanying feeling of nausea. Tropisetron (Tropisetron-AFT) selectively blocks the excitation of the presynaptic 5-HT3 receptors of the peripheral neurons in this reflex, and may exert additional direct actions within the CNS on 5-HT3 receptors mediating the actions of vagal input to the area postrema.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
Unknown by Leonard, N.J.|Hauck, F.P.Jr.
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Conditions:
Pempidine is a nicotinic antagonist most commonly used as an experimental tool. It has been used as a ganglionic blocker in the treatment of hypertension but has largely been supplanted for that purpose by more specific drugs. In preclinical models Pempidine blocks the effects of intravenous nicotine and of peripheral vagal stimulation on the blood pressure; it also causes dilatation of the pupil after removal of the sympathetic innervation. On the guinea-pig ileum, the predominant effect of the compound is to inhibit nicotine contractions. Pempidineis well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract as judged by (a) the low ratio (6.9) of oral to intravenous toxicities, (b) the rapid development of mydriasis in mice after oral administration of small doses, and (c) the rapid onset of hypotension when the compound is injected directly into the duodenum of anaesthetized cats. Other actions include neuromuscular paralysis of curare-like type when large doses of the compound are injected intravenously and central effects such as tremors which occur with near toxic doses. In cats with a low blood pressure, large intravenous doses have a slight pressor action.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
NCT03278431: Phase 4 Interventional Completed Hookworm Infection
(2017)
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Targets:
Conditions:
Oxantel is a narrow-spectrum anthelmintic effective against whipworms in dogs and cats. It is ineffective against other roundworms, flukes, tapeworms or external parasites. Oxantel acts on the nervous system of the worms as inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase. Oxantel, a cholinergic anthelmintic and fumarate reductase inhibitor, significantly inhibited biofilm formation by P. gingivalis and disrupted established biofilms at concentrations below its MIC against planktonic cells. Oxantel was more effective against P. gingivalis in biofilm than metronidazole, a commonly used antibiotic for periodontitis. When oxantel was administrated to human beings for the treatment of trichuriasis, no drug reaction or side effects were reported, and the results of hematologic, biochemical and urinary examinations didn’t reveal any significant drug-related changes.
